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    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://asiair.asia.edu.tw/ir/handle/310904400/9597


    Title: 一個適用於事件驅動無線感測網路並利用了感測資料空間相關性的媒介存取控制協定
    Authors: 林致宇
    Contributors: 資訊學院
    資訊多媒體應用學系
    Keywords: 無線感測網路
    媒介存取控制,
    TDMA,
    感測資料空間相關性,
    無線感測
    CSMA,
    wireless sensor network,
    medium access control,
    MAC,
    TDMA,
    CSMA,
    spatial
    Date: 2009
    Issue Date: 2010-05-13 02:35:51 (UTC+0)
    Abstract: 無線通訊與感測技術的快速發展使得無線感測網路(Wireless Sensor Network, WSN)成為
    一門新興的科技。無線感測網路一般可劃分成兩種類型:以時間驅動(time-driven)為主的
    感測網路以及以事件驅動(event-driven)為主的感測網路。在以事件驅動為主的感測網路
    中,感測器只有在感測到事件發生時才會回報其所感測到的環境資訊,這樣的回報行
    為,容易使得在事件區域(event area)裏面的感測器會遭受到較高的競爭與碰撞,因為那
    些感測器可能同時感測到事件並同時做回報。在本計畫中,為了解決以事件驅動為主的
    感測網路中高競爭傳輸的問題,提了一個方法,此方法結合了兩個子議題:(1) 利用感
    測資料的空間相關性(spatial correlation)、(2) 設計一個特殊的媒介存取控制(Medium
    Access Control, MAC)協定。本計畫提出了一個結合了TDMA 與CSMA 的協定
    (Protocol),此協定有下面幾個有趣的特徵,這些特徵使得所提出的協定與傳統以TDMA
    為基礎的協定非常的不一樣,這些特徵分別為:(1) 在傳統的TDMA 中,精準的時間同
    步是需要的,而在本計畫所設計的方法中,只需要鬆散的時間同步(loose time
    synchronization),這是由於本計畫所設計的協定是架構在一個簡單的CSMA 協定之上,
    亦即是在鏈結層(link layer)去做時槽(slot)的切割,而不是在媒介存取層(MAC layer)去做
    時槽的切割,因此藉由載波感測(carrier sense)及後退機制(backoff mechanism)的幫忙,本
    計畫所設計的排程機制並不需要精準的時間同步;此外很特別的是,是由『事件』來啟
    動感測器去執行類似TDMA 的排程機制、(2) 時槽分配演算法考量了感測資料的空間相
    關性,在傳統的TDMA 中,每個節點x 必須要取得一個時槽t,並確保t 沒有被節點x
    的one-hop 鄰居與two-hop 鄰居所使用,然而在本計畫所提出的方法中,其允許節點x
    可使用x 的one-hop 鄰居所使用的時槽(但不允許節點x 使用其two-hop 鄰居所使用的
    時槽),藉著這樣的設計,網路所需的時槽總數可大幅地降低,這代表著傳輸的延遲可
    大幅地降低、(3) 本計畫的方法會故意地拉長一個時槽的長度,這樣的設計會使得當回
    報的封包從事件區域(event area)離開時呈現所謂的水管效應(pipeline effect),可大幅地降
    低封包在非事件區域發生碰撞的可能性。除了媒介存取的設計之外,本計畫也提出一個
    配合這類似於TDMA 的排程機制來降低多餘回報的方法,而不是只單純地利用偷聽
    (overhear)來降低回報數量。另外一方面,沒有偵測到事件的感測器會採用原始的MAC
    做傳輸(前面已經提到,本計畫所設計的協定是建構在鏈結層而不是媒介存取層),亦
    即以競爭為基礎的CSMA 協定,這樣做的好處是可以降低傳輸的延遲。最後,由於省
    電是無線感測網路上一個很重要的議題,在計畫書中也會說明所設計的方法如何結合
    LPL (Low Power Listening)[10]的技術來達到省電的目的。本計畫預計將設計的協定實作
    在真實的感測網路平台上。
    Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can generally be classified into two categories: time-driven
    and event-driven. In an event-driven WSN, sensors report their readings only when they
    detect events. In such behavior, sensors in the event area may suffer from higher contention.
    In this proposal, we solve this problem by jointly considering two subissues. One is exploiting
    the spatial correlation of data reported by sensors in the event area and the other is designing a
    specific MAC protocol. This proposal proposes a novel hybrid TDMA/CSMA protocol with
    the following interesting features that differentiate itself from conventional TDMA-based
    protocols. First, the TDMA part is based on very loose time synchronization and is triggered
    by the appearance of events. On the other hand, the CSMA part is adopted in the non-event
    area to achieve low latency transmission. Second, the slot assignment strategy associated with
    the TDMA part takes the spatial correlation of sensing data into consideration and thus allows
    less strict slot allocation than conventional TDMA schemes. Interestingly, by intentionally
    allowing one-hop neighbors to share the same time slot, the number of slots required is
    significantly reduced. Third, by intentionally enlarging the slot size, our scheme enforces
    packets, after leaving the event area, to form a pipeline in such a way that packets flow like
    streams, each of which is separated sufficiently in distance to avoid interference. In addition,
    by exploiting TDMA’s features and the spatial correlation of sensing data, we show how to
    reduce redundant reports. We also discuss how to combine our protocol with the LPL (Low
    Power Listening) technique to achieve energy efficiency. In this project, we intend to
    implement the proposed protocol on real WSN platform.
    Appears in Collections:[行動商務與多媒體應用學系] 科技部研究計畫

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