爭吵能獲得愛？衝突與社會資本之關係的多層級分析

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Title:	爭吵能獲得愛？衝突與社會資本之關係的多層級分析
Authors:	張曼玲
Contributors:	管理學院;休閒與遊憩管理學系
Keywords:	衝突;社會資本;多層級分析;縱斷面分析;非線性關係;Conflict;Social Capital;Multilevel Analysis;Longitudinal Analysis;Curvilinear Relationship
Date:	2012
Issue Date:	2013-07-18 07:34:01 (UTC+0)
Abstract:	衝突與社會資本可能共存於組織之網絡中。兩者不僅在其所在處、發展動態、矛盾的影響、以及牽涉交易成本等方面有諸多相似之處，亦相互影響彼此。然而，鮮少研究探索社會資本與衝突之變動與相互關係。衝突與社會資本均依附在關係網絡上，並且影響整個網絡之結構，為其帶來優勢或損害，因而此議題值得深究。文獻建議研究者應使用多層級分析中的同源模式來檢視社會資本之相關議題；所謂同源模式即比較在不同分析層級下所觀察到的相同變數關係是否皆存在。因此，本研究基於同源模式，採用個體（研究1）與總體（研究2）之觀點，進行多層級分析，以探討衝突與社會資本之關係。個體與總體之研究分別符合了單一層級模式的本質，兩者之結合可建構同源模式，並為衝突與社會資本關係提供一個跨組織情境的通則性基礎。研究1之目的（即第1年計畫）旨在探討跨功能新產品發展團隊中，個人間的衝突對於結合型社會資本。在此情境之中，具有內部結的群社會資本是由個人間的互動所發展出來的。換言之，此研究之分析單位是基於個人關係所聚集而成的群層級。此外，由於團隊發展過程與社會資本之發展均需要時間的投入，因此，本研究需使用縱斷面分析。本研究將使用一嚴謹程序來收集兩階段時間的資料。基於此縱斷面資料，在控制社會資本（時間1）的影響，研究1擬探討衝突（時間1）與社會資本（時間2）之關係；再者，本研究亦檢視後續階段（時間2）之衝突與社會資本的關係。研究2（即第2年計畫）不僅將焦點鎖定在研究發展部門與行銷部門之間的群間衝突對於跨橋型社會資本的影響，亦鎖定此群間衝突對於研究發展部門內之結合型社會資本的影響。此種具有外部結的群社會資本是由群體間的互動所發展出來的。其分析單位集中在群體及其關係。過去研究建議，群體應確認群內與群外所有類型的結之間的相互關係，得以使整體的群社會資本達到最大化。本研究期能連結文獻缺口，並創造貢獻。 In practice, conflict and social capital may coexist in the network of organization. They not only hold some commonness with respect to locus, dynamics, paradox, and transaction cost involved, but also affect each other mutually. Nonetheless, few researchers have explored issues associated with these fluctuations and the interrelationship between the conflict and social capital. This issue is essential to be addressed because both conflict and social capital are attached to the network of relationships affecting the entire structure of network and resulting in either benefit or detriment. It is suggested that researchers should consider examining the social capital issues by homologous models which concerned with whether a relationship observed at one level of analysis were comparable to those captured between similar constructs at different level of analysis. Accordingly, this study adopts micro (Study 1) and macro (Study 2) lenses to conduct multilevel analysis on the associations between conflict and social capital based on the homologous model. Conflating micro with macro study, which respectively conforms to the nature of single-level model, constructs the homologous model and offers the generalizable grounding for conflict-social capital association across organizational contexts. The objective of Study 1 (i.e., 1st year project) is to explore the effects of interpersonal conflicts on the bonding social capital inside a cross-functional NPD team. In this context, the social capital of collectives with internal ties is developed by interpersonal interactions. In other words, the unit of analysis is group level based on interpersonal relationships. Additionally, a longitudinal analysis is necessary in that a team process and the development of social capital entail time. Accordingly, a cautious procedure is performed to collect data in time 1 and time 2. Based on the longitudinal data, Study 1 attempts to explore the association between conflict (time 1) and social capital (time 2) given the control of effect of social capital (time 1). Also, the association between conflict and social capital in the latter stage (time 2) is examined. Study 2 (i.e., 2nd year project) focuses on not only the effects of intergroup conflicts on the bridging social capital between the R&D and Marketing department, but also the effects on the bonding social capital within the R&D department. The social capital of collectives with external ties is developed by intergroup interactions. The unit of analysis is centered on groups and their relationships. It is suggested a group needed to clarify the interrelationships among all of tie types including connections within and outside the group in order to maximize the whole group social capital resources. The findings attempt to link the literature gap to make some contributions.
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