| Abstract: | 前言：由於長照機構住民多為身體不便，生活起居需人照護，很少有機會進行實際的旅遊活動。隨著科技的進步，虛擬實境旅遊已經可以讓人們透過電腦、手機等設備，在不出門的情況下就可以體驗各種地方的風景和地理環境。而且，在疫情肆虐的情況下，長照機構住民的生活更加孤獨和無聊。因此，透過虛擬實境能創造出一種身臨其境的感官體驗，並且可以激發人們的情感和感知能力，有助於提升虛擬實境旅遊的臨場感。目的：虛擬實境能創造出一種身臨其境的體驗，可以激發人們的情感和感知能力，有助於提升虛擬實境臨場感，本研究探討影響虛擬實境臨場感的相關因素，從系統功能品質中的功能性、有效性、效率性和生動性與體驗品質中時間分離、集中沉浸、提升樂趣、控制、好奇心以上哪些因素會影響臨場感。方法：本研究透過自行拍攝的虛擬實境影片，從2家長照機構進行收案，讓長照機構住民使用觀看虛擬實境旅遊影片後填寫問卷，問卷包含基本資料、臨場感、功能品質和體驗品質等構面。問卷總共發放：140份，回收135份問卷，扣除無效問卷10份，有效問卷125份，有效問卷回收率89%，平均機構住宿時間為1.8年。本研究以SPSS 21.0統計分析，統計方法為t檢定、變異數分析(ANOVA)及迴歸式分析統計問卷資料，採用以上統計分析方法可以了解長照機構住民對虛擬實境旅遊體驗的喜好和期望，是否可以提高住民的臨場感受和身歷其境的體驗及了解到哪些「功能品質」或「體驗品質」對於臨場感的影響最大。結果：研究顯示長照機構住民居住時間(β=-0.176,P<0.05)、控制(β=0.534,P<0.05)、好奇心(β=0.324,P<0.05)，長照機構住民在機構中居住時間有負相關代表長照機構住民居住越久其對於虛擬實境旅遊臨場感越小;另外在體驗虛擬實境旅遊活動越能與活動有更多互動或者激發長照機構住民的好奇心，會使長照機構住民對虛擬實境旅遊的臨場感越高。結論： 從本研究統計結果得知在長照機構居住的時間的長短，住民對於體驗新事物的好奇心，在活動體驗中虛擬實境旅遊的環境是否能被控制，以上這些層面會影響長照機構住民體驗虛擬實境旅遊時的臨場感。這些虛擬實境旅遊為長照機構住民帶來豐富的臨場感體驗，將可提供虛擬實境開發廠商根據本研究的發現來改進未來虛擬實境的設計，設計更多元化且富有互動性的場景，激發使用者的控制感和好奇心，將有助於人們對於虛擬實境的吸引力。
Introduction: Since most people in long-term care facilities are physically challenged and require care for their daily lives, they rarely have the opportunity to engage in actual travel activities. With the advancement of technology, virtual reality tourism allows people to experience the landscape and geography of various places without leaving their homes through devices such as computers and smartphones. Moreover, because of the pandemic, the lives of people living in long-term care facilities have become lonelier and more boring. Therefore, virtual reality can create an immersive sensory experience and stimulate people's emotions and perceptions, which can help to enhance the sense of presence of virtual reality tourism. Purpose: Virtual reality can create an immersive experience, which can stimulate people's emotions and perceptions, and help to improve the sense of presence in virtual reality. Functionality, effectiveness, efficiency, and liveliness in functional quality and time separation, focused immersion, enhanced fun, control, and curiosity in experience quality will affect the sense of presence.Methods: This study used a virtual reality video filmed by ourselves and collected the research subjects from two long-term care facilities. The residents of the long-term care facilities were asked to fill out a questionnaire after watching the virtual reality tour video. The questionnaire contained basic data, sense of presence, functional quality, quality of experience and other dimensions. A total of 140 questionnaires were distributed, and 135 questionnaires were returned. After eliminating 10 invalid questionnaires, there were 125 valid samples, with a valid return rate of 89%. The average length of the subjects’ staying in the facilities was 1.8 years. In this study, the questionnaire data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis . Using the above statistical analysis methods, we can understand the preferences and expectations of residents of long-term care institutions for virtual reality tourism experience, whether it can improve residents' on-site experience and immersive experience, and understand what "functional quality" or "experience quality" is important for on-site tourism. Sense has the greatest impactResults: The results of this study indicate that the length of stay (β=-0.176, p<0.05), control (β=0.534, p<0.05), and curiosity (β=0.324, p<0.05), and that there is a negative correlation with length of stay, In other words, the residents that have lived longer in the facility have less sense of presence in virtual reality tourism. In addition, when the virtual reality tourism activity is more interactive, or it stimulates more curiosity, the sense of presence of virtual reality tourism among the residents of long-term care facilities is longer. Conclusions: From the statistical results of this study, it was found that the length of stay in the long-term care facilities, the curiosity of the residents to experience new things, and the ability to control the environment of the virtual reality tour during the activity experience, all affected the sense of presence of the residents in the long-term care facilities when experiencing the virtual reality tour. These virtual reality tours provide a rich immersive experience for the residents of long-term care facilities, and will provide virtual reality developers with the opportunity to improve future virtual reality designs based on the findings of this study. Designing more diverse and interactive scenarios that stimulate a sense of control and curiosity will help attract people's attention to virtual reality. |
