| Abstract: | 近年來，海報在眾多國際設計競賽中依舊是非常熱門的設計媒介，學生能夠透過海報創作傳達自己的設計理念，甚至是藉由作品替某些特定族群訴求發聲。而參與國際設計競賽對於學生來說，除了能夠提升自我學習能力，還能培養設計競爭力。教育部自2006年推動「教育部鼓勵學生參加藝術與設計類國際競賽計畫／設計戰國策」，至今仍持續鼓勵臺灣學生積極參與藝術與設計類的國際競賽，在計畫辦理屆滿十五年之際，更編撰「設計戰國策十五年－人才培育成果專輯」。本研究者在回顧2006至2022年間15年來設計戰國策之台灣學生海報類獲獎作品時，發現在主題題材表現上似乎具有兩大趨勢：(1)多數參賽獲獎作品皆與聯合國「2030永續發展目標」中的項目相關(2)運用「東方元素」於作品中之海報較容易得獎。這兩大趨勢不禁使本研究者想進一步深入探究及驗證，是否多數海報作品皆具有此傾向。此外，海報獲獎作品在主題題材及表現手法上類型百百種，也不禁使本研究者思考在全球眾多且頂尖的設計競賽中，這些作品該如何抓住評審們的目光脫穎而出，其中所具備之獲獎要素有哪些，是否這些獲獎作品都有著相似的共通點或是設計規範。基於上述原因，本研究選定以「設計戰國策」2006至2022年間台灣學生之海報獲獎作品進行分析研究，期望能透過從不同面向之深入探討，彙整出獲獎因素觀點及設計建議，藉此提供給後續台灣學生在參加國際設計競賽時作為學習，或是設計教育界在指導學生參加國際設計競賽教學上之參考及幫助。本研究先藉由相關文獻資料探討與整理奠定分析海報基礎，接著進行獲獎作品樣本蒐集，統計共包含463張獲獎海報作品樣本。研究方法先以「KJ法」針對海報獲獎作品進行題材上的分類歸島，再使用「文本分析法」，進一步深入探討分類後獲獎作品樣本在文字、插圖、色彩、編排、視覺構成形式、表現形式等不同面向上之差異。研究結果得知，經由KJ法將全部作品分為8個題材類別：「消除貧窮」、「減少不平等」、「永續城鄉」、「氣候行動」、「保育生態」、「藝術海報創作」、「東方元素」、「其他社會議題」。其中五項類別皆與聯合國所宣布的「2030永續發展目標」中的項目息息相關，共計272張，數量佔了一半以上。而樣本數量前三多的類別為：「保育生態」類108張、「減少不平等」類104張、「東方元素」類88張，前兩項也與「2030永續發展目標」相關，以此結果可得知台灣學生在參與國際設計競賽時，以永續發展目標作為海報題材創作之作品佔了很大一部分，且獲獎機率是非常高的，另外亦可得知台灣學生在參與國際設計競賽時，若以屬於東方的元素進行創作也是佔有很大的得獎優勢的，以此也能驗證在研究動機中所提到的設計戰國策之台灣學生海報類獲獎作品兩大趨勢。而未來在設計教育上，學校也可以加強學生對於「2030永續發展目標」中的「SDG 6 淨水及衛生」、「SDG 9 工業化、創新及基礎建設」、「SDG 17 多元夥伴關係」此三類項目方向的教育概念及關注。而獲獎作品在視覺上之表現特徵結果如下。文字要素方面，以英文「無襯線字體」為最多，其次為「襯線字體」；插圖要素方面，以「電腦繪圖」方式為最多，其次為「手繪插圖」與「攝影插圖」；色彩要素方面，以「黑色」為主體最多，其次為「白色」；編排要素方面，以「垂直型」為最多，其次為「封閉型」；視覺構成形式要素方面，以「形態同構」為最多；表現形式要素方面，以「反諷法」為最多。
In recent times, posters have retained their immense popularity as a formidable medium in numerous international design competitions. They offer students a creative avenue to convey their unique design philosophies, and even serve as a platform to advocate for the demands of specific ethnic groups. Engaging in international design competitions not only elevates students' capacity for self-directed learning but also nurtures their prowess in the realm of design competition. Since 2006, the Ministry of Education began promoting "the Ministry of Education Incentives for Participation in International Art and Design Competition Program and the associated International Design Competition", and to this day, it continues to actively encourage Taiwanese students to partake in international art and design competitions. As the program marks its fifteenth anniversary, a special compilation entitled "Fifteen Years of International Design Competitions - Talent Nurturing Achievements of Album" has been prepared to showcase the outcomes of nurturing talents in this domain.Upon reviewing the award-winning poster designs by Taiwanese students in the "International Design Competition" from 2006 to 2022, two significant trends in theme and content have emerged. Firstly, a majority of the awarded entries appear to be closely related to the United Nations' "2030 Sustainable Development Goals." Secondly, the incorporation of "Eastern elements" in the posters seems to enhance their likelihood of receiving recognition.These intriguing trends have sparked the researcher's curiosity, prompting a desire for further in-depth investigation and verification to ascertain if most poster works indeed exhibit such inclinations. Moreover, the sheer variety of themes and artistic approaches employed by the award-winning posters has led the researcher to contemplate how these creations can captivate the attention of discerning judges amidst the multitude of global and top-tier design competitions.This leads to questions about the crucial winning elements these works possess and whether there are common threads or design standards that contribute to their success across various competitions.Based on the aforementioned reasons, this research has selected the award-winning poster designs by Taiwanese students in the "International Design Competition" from 2006 to 2022 for in-depth analysis and study. The aim is to explore various facets comprehensively, culminating in a synthesis of perspectives on the factors contributing to their success and providing design recommendations. This endeavor seeks to offer valuable insights to future Taiwanese students as they engage in international design competitions, and also serve as a point of reference and assistance for educators in the field of design, guiding and supporting students in their participation in such global contests.This research initially delved into relevant literature to establish a foundation for analyzing the posters. Subsequently, a collection of award-winning poster samples was gathered, totaling 463 pieces. The research methodology employed the "KJ method" to categorize the themes of the award-winning posters, followed by the utilization of the "textual analysis method" to conduct a deeper exploration of the differences among the categorized samples concerning aspects such as text, illustrations, colors, layout, visual composition, and presentation styles.The research results revealed that using the KJ method, all the works were categorized into 8 thematic categories: "No Poverty," "Reduced Inequalities," " Sustainable Cities and Communities," "Climate Action," "Conservation of Ecology," "Artistic Poster Creations," "Eastern Elements," and "Other Social Issues." Among these, five categories, totaling 272 posters, were closely related to the United Nations' "2030 Sustainable Development Goals," accounting for more than half of the samples. The top three categories with the highest number of samples were "Conservation of Ecology" with 108 posters, "Reduced Inequalities" with 104 posters, and "Eastern Elements" with 88 posters. The first two categories were also aligned with the "2030 Sustainable Development Goals."From these findings, it can be concluded that when Taiwanese students participate in international design competitions, a significant portion of their poster creations revolves around the theme of sustainable development goals, and their chances of winning awards are notably high. Additionally, it was evident that incorporating Eastern elements into their works provided students with a substantial advantage in winning competitions, further confirming the two major trends mentioned in the research motivation.For future design education, schools can strengthen students' understanding and attention towards the "2030 Sustainable Development Goals," specifically in the directions of "SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation," "SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure," and "SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals."The visual characteristics of the award-winning works are as follows. In terms of text elements, the majority of posters feature "sans-serif fonts" in English, followed by "serif fonts" for illustration elements, the most prevalent method of illustration is "computer graphics," followed by "hand-drawn illustrations" and "photographic illustrations" regarding color elements, the primary color used in the posters is "black," with "white" being the second most common choice; in terms of layout elements, "vertical layout" is the most frequently employed, followed by "closed layout" among the visual composition elements, the dominant composition form is "isomorphism" or "congruent shapes" as for presentation style elements, the prevailing presentation style is "satirical approach" or "irony." |
