| Abstract: | 牛樟芝 (Antrodia cinnamomea) 又稱為牛樟菇或樟芝，為食用藥用兩用真菌類，主要寄生在台灣特有種的牛樟樹(Cinnamomum kanehirae) 根部或樹幹內，屬於擔子菌門 (Basidiomycota)、無褶菌目 (Aphyllophorales)、多孔菌科 (Polyporaceae)、薄孔菌屬 (Antrodia)，為台灣特有本土真菌暨天然保健食品。白牛樟芝被認定是紅牛樟芝的變異種，其價格比一般的紅牛樟芝昂貴，在台灣民間常稱為夢幻牛樟菇，相關研究顯示白牛樟芝培植體的抗氧化活性比液態菌絲體及野生子實體活性較高，但目前研究及機能性產品還是以紅牛樟芝為主，白牛樟芝相關文獻卻是不多。本論文以白牛樟芝具有抗癌效果的中藥材經配伍發酵後及其他碳氮源為基質，採固態複合發酵培植，生長並形成白樟芝子實體，以此作為主成份開發膠囊機能性保健食品產品，以RAW 264.7 小鼠巨噬細胞，MTT assay 測試白牛樟芝萃取物對活細胞之毒性影響，結果顯示濃度在62.5~1000g/mL的白牛樟芝萃取液皆不會對細胞產生毒性。白牛樟芝萃取物對PC-3癌細胞的抗癌效果，結果顯示萃取劑量越高，PC-3癌細胞死亡率越高，可達24.02%，顯示白牛樟芝具備抗癌效果。另進行抑制一氧化氮自由基生成試驗，測定清除 NO 自由基的能力，白樟芝萃取劑量的提高，巨噬細胞產生的NO含量越低，顯示白樟芝具備很好的抗氧化及抗發炎效果。可見白牛樟芝不僅毒性低，且具有抗癌以及很好的抗氧化、抗發炎功效。此外為期待期望能標準化、大量化培養有效、安全的白牛樟芝，用以取代稀有的野生種白牛樟芝，開發價格親民，品質穩定的固態複合發酵培植體的白牛樟芝膠囊機能性保健品，故建立以白牛樟芝膠囊產品開發規劃流程產品規劃，內容包括產品規劃、產品開發、申請產品上市法規、以中國市場為例之行銷模式，相關流程已經建立完成。
Antrodia cinnamomea, also known as niu-chang-zhi, niu-chang-gu, or zhang-zhi, is a dual-purpose edible and medicinal fungus. It mainly parasitizes the roots or trunks of the Taiwan-specific Cinnamomum kanehirae tree. Belonging to the Basidiomycota phylum, Aphyllophorales order, Polyporaceae family, and Antrodia genus, it is a unique native fungus and natural health food in Taiwan. The white form of Antrodia cinnamomea is considered a variant of the red form, and it is more expensive than the typical red form. In Taiwan, it is often referred to as "dreamy niu-chang-gu." Research indicates that the antioxidant activity of cultivated white Antrodia cinnamomea mycelium is higher than that of liquid mycelium and wild fruiting bodies. However, current research and functional products still primarily focus on the red form of Antrodia cinnamomea, and there is limited literature on the white form.This paper utilizes fermented white Antrodia cinnamomea combined with cancer-fighting Chinese medicinal herbs and other carbon-nitrogen sources as substrates. Solid-state composite fermentation cultivation is employed to grow and produce white Antrodia cinnamomea fruiting bodies. These are then used as the main ingredient to develop functional capsule health food products. Using RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells and MTT assay, the cytotoxic effects of white Antrodia cinnamomea extract on cells were tested, and results showed no toxicity at concentrations ranging from 62.5 to 1000 μg/mL. The anticancer effect of white Antrodia cinnamomea extract on PC-3 cancer cells was examined, revealing that higher extract doses led to higher PC-3 cancer cell death rates, reaching 24.02%, thus demonstrating its anticancer potential. Additionally, tests were conducted to inhibit nitric oxide free radicals and measure the ability to eliminate NO free radicals. Increasing doses of white Antrodia cinnamomea extract resulted in lower NO production by macrophages, indicating excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, white Antrodia cinnamomea is not only low in toxicity but also possesses anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.Furthermore, in order to standardize and mass-produce safe white Antrodia cinnamomea to replace the rare wild variety, a solid-state composite fermentation cultivation process for white Antrodia cinnamomea capsules was established, aiming to create affordable and quality-stable functional health products. A product development plan for white Antrodia cinnamomea capsules has been formulated, including product planning, development, regulatory approval for market entry, and a marketing strategy focused on the Chinese market. |
