由脆弱性格、憂鬱至大學生手機成癮與自殺行為之路徑：社會影響與行為結果預期的角色

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Title:	由脆弱性格、憂鬱至大學生手機成癮與自殺行為之路徑：社會影響與行為結果預期的角色
Other Titles:	The Pathway from Vulnerable Personality and Depression to Smartphone Addiction and Suicidal Behavior among College Students: The Role of Social Influence and Behavioral Outcome Expectations
Authors:	沈佩綸 SHEN, PEI-LUN
Contributors:	柯慧貞 KO, HUEI-CHEN 心理學系
Keywords:	脆弱性格;憂鬱;自傷結果預期;手機使用結果預期;自殺行為;手機成癮;手機社會影響力;自傷社會影響力 Vulnerable Personality;Depression;Behavioral Outcome Expectations of Self-harm;Behavioral Outcome Expectations of Smartphone Use;Suicidal Behavior;Smartphone Addiction;Social Influence of Smartphone;Social Influence of Self-injury
Date:	2023
Issue Date:	2023-11-22
Abstract:	研究背景：科技日益進步，網路及手機使用便利；研究指出，大學生手機成癮盛行率逐年上升；而大學生族群自殺行為是造成死亡的第四大原因，亦成為大學生的重要心理問題。過去研究指出，手機成癮與自殺行為有顯著的共發率，但其機制未明。過去文獻分析指出，脆弱性格與憂鬱均與自殺行為、手機成癮相關；而社會影響力與行為結果預期也與自殺行為、手機成癮相關，但其中發展路徑還需進一步探討。研究目的：本研究假設脆弱性格預測憂鬱，而憂鬱會透過自傷結果預期的中介，預測自殺行為；憂鬱會透過手機使用結果預期的中介，預測手機成癮；另一方面，社會影響力透過自傷結果預期的中介預測自殺行為；手機使用社會影響力透過手機使用結果預期的中介預測手機成癮。研究方法：研究樣本採用「大學生網路成癮預防教育」研究計劃資料庫資料進行分析。該資料庫資料取樣自中部大學生；為考慮性別取樣代表性，再依據教育部網站發布之歷年大專院校學生人數中性別比例公開檔案進行隨機抽樣，共抽取有效樣本1,583名大學生樣本進行分析。該研究使用五因素性格量表、自殺行為量表、憂鬱量表、自傷結果預期量表、手機使用結果預期量表、自傷社會影響力量表、手機社會影響力量表、手機成癮量表進行施測。本研究利用SPSS22.0與SMARTPLS統計軟體、Boostrapping test（拔靴法）進行資料分析。研究結果：結果顯示脆弱性格正向顯著預測憂鬱，而憂鬱會透過自傷結果預期自殺程度；憂鬱也會透過手機使用結果預期預測手機成癮程度。自傷社會影響力透過自傷結果預期預測自殺程度，手機社會影響力透過手機使用結果預期預測自殺之程度。結論與建議：本研究驗證脆弱性格、憂鬱、社會影響，透過行為結果預期預測自殺行為與手機成癮之路徑，研究結果支持行為結果預期是憂鬱與自殺行為、手機成癮間關係之中角色；也是社會影響力與自殺行為、手機成癮之中介角色。然而，本研究設計為橫斷研究，有待未來更進一步採縱貫研究加以驗證。研究結果可做為對於未來在大學生族群智慧型手機成癮與自殺之三級預防及介入策略規劃參考。 Background The prevalence of smartphone addiction among college students is increasing year by year. Meanwhile, suicidal behavior within the college student population ranks as the fourth leading cause of death and constitutes a significant psychological issue among students. Previous studies have indicated a significant co-occurrence between smartphone addiction and suicidal behavior, though the mechanisms driving this connection remain unclear. A review of past literature has identified that both vulnerable personality traits and depression are correlated with both suicidal behavior and smartphone addiction. Additionally, it is anticipated that social influence and expected behavioral outcomes are associated with both suicidal behavior and smartphone addiction, yet further exploration is required to fully understand the developmental pathways in these relationships.Purpose This study hypothesized that vulnerable personality traits predict depression, and depression predicts suicidal behavior through the mediation of behavioral outcome expectations of self-harm. Depression also predicts smartphone addiction through the mediation of behavioral outcome expectations of smartphone use. On the other hand, social influence predicts suicidal behavior through the mediation of behavioral outcome expectations of self-harm, and social influence of smartphone use predicts smartphone addiction through the mediation of behavioral outcome expectations of smartphone use.Methods The study sample was analyzed using data from the "College Student Internet Addiction Prevention Education" research project database. This database was sampled from central university students. To ensure gender representativeness in the sample, random sampling was conducted based on the gender ratio data publicly available on the Ministry of Education's website regarding the gender proportions of college students in previous years. A total of 1,583 valid samples of college students were selected for analysis. This study utilized the Five-Factor Personality Scale, Life Experiences Scale, Depression Scale, Behavioral Outcome Expectations of Self-Harm Scale, Behavioral Outcome Expectations of Smartphone Use Scale, Social Influence of Self-Harm Scale, Social Influence of Smartphone Use Scale, and Smartphone Addiction Scale for assessment. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 22.0 and SMARTPLS software, along with Bootstrapping test for data analysis.Results In the model, vulnerable personality traits significantly and positively predict depression, and depression predicts the severity of suicidal behavior through behavioral outcome expectations of self-harm. Depression also predicts the level of smartphone addiction through behavioral outcome expectations of smartphone use. Social influence of self-harm predicts the severity of suicidal behavior through behavioral outcome expectations of self-harm, while social influence of smartphone use predicts the severity of suicidal behavior through behavioral outcome expectations of smartphone use.DiscussionThis study explores the pathway of vulnerable personality traits, depression, and social influence predicting suicidal behavior and smartphone addiction through behavioral outcome expectations of behavior. The study verifies that behavioral outcome expectations play a mediating role in the relationship between depression and suicidal behavior, as well as smartphone addiction. Similarly, social influence acts as a mediator in the relationships between social influence, suicidal behavior, and smartphone addiction. However, the findings of this study are based on cross-sectional research, and further longitudinal research is needed for verification. The results of the study can serve as a reference for planning tertiary prevention and intervention strategies for smartphone addiction and suicide in the college student population in the future.
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