The main purpose of this study was to understand the current status of health-related physical fitness among the fifth grade elementary students in Dongshi and Heping districts. A cross-sectional study, involved health-related physical fitness test and questionnaire, was conducted to look into the relation between physical fitness and personal characters, and the relation between physical fitness and health-related lifestyles. Data of study population, 436 fifth graders (80 aboriginal students and 356 non-aboriginal students) from Dongshi and Heping district primary schools, were analyzed by mean of descriptive statistics, t test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe’s method and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study were : 1. Fifth graders from Heping district have better performance in sit and reach, standing long jump and sit-ups. On the other hand, students from Dongshi have better performance in eight hundred meter walk-run. 2. The health-related physical fitness of aboriginal students were better than those of the non-aboriginal students. 3. Male students have better performance in standing long jump, sit-ups and 800- meter running .On the other hand, female students have better performance in sit and reach . 4. Those who were sport team members of elementary schools have better performance in health-related physical fitness; students who participated in extra-curriculum activities have better performance in sit and reach, standing long jump and 800- meter running and working. 5. In the cognitive of healthy lifestyle, students from Dongshi got higher average scores than Heping students in questionnaires test, and non-aboriginal students had higher scores than aboriginal students. The main conclusions of this research were as follows: 1. The factors that affected health-related physical fitness included race, gender, nature environment and exercise participation. 2. Different contents should provide in physical activity curriculum for non-aboriginal students to help each individual in developing exercise habit and good health-related physical fitness. 3. Schools should strength advocacy in proper dietary and leisure activities for aboriginal students.
