| Abstract: | The purpose of the this study is to understand how collective effectiveness influences team cohesion when junior high school students participate in a sport carnival, so as to provide all levels of schools and government with important reference and suggestions of holding or planning relative sporting events. The study was conducted by questionnaire to collect and analyze the data. And this study used the junior high school students joining the 2010 Sports Carnival in Changhua county as the primary subjects. We conducted the survey by general survey. With 714 questionnaires given out and 646 returned, the reply rate is 97.3%. There are 599 valid questionnaires, which means the validity rate is 92.7% and valid questionnaire reply rate reaches 90.2%. The instrument we used to conduct this survey is the questionnaire called “Questionnaire about the collective effectiveness and team cohesion within the Sport Carnival among the participating junior high school students.” For the collective effectiveness part, there are five items involved with a construct. On the other hand, team cohesion includes four constructs as follows: team cooperation, interpersonal relationship, team adjustment, and interpersonal attraction. Data analysis involved are descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, t-test, singular variation analysis, Fisher’s posteriori comparisons and Pearson correlation, etc.. The primary results of this study are summarized as the following statements. Firstly, for the collective effectiveness, the independent variables of the participants’ background are class difference, participating will, athletic ambition and athletic performances, and the variation of questionnaire responses is significant. As for the items of different grades, different coaches, practicing frequency and different favored sports are comparatively not significant. Secondly, for the team cohesion, the independent variables of the participants’ background include participating will, athletic ambition and athletic performances, and the variation of questionnaire responses is significant. As for the items of class, different grades, different coached, different practicing frequency, different favored sports and participating events are partly significant, while for the gender item, it does not show significance. Thirdly, the correlated analysis of collective effectiveness and team cohesion is supported. In conclusion, this study suggests that the subjects involved can be expanded to elementary school students who also join the event or to other related group activities. And we can add other scales to complete the research instruments and make the study more thoroughgoing. |
