本文以口語分析的方式，針對專家和新手設計師在平面設計過程中，發散性思考這一環節的表現進行了初步觀察。研究發現專家和新手設計師的整個認知過程基本呈現一致，可以被概括成：主動思考、大量嘗試、概括的看和自我反思的過程。但在細節上存在方向上的差異：在構想的浮現階段，專家設計師傾向于依靠自身的知識和經驗進行思維發散，而新手則更依賴於?趣和所處環境，推進構想則會依靠概述行為；同時，新手設計師會頻繁的從目標角度對草圖進行檢查、判斷和反思，呈現出比專家設計師更為明顯的謹慎感和焦慮感。經過綜合性的分析和整理，最終得到了一個由四種認知因素所構成的發散性思考的理論模型。 In this study, the author uses protocol analysis to make a preliminary observation on the performance of different divergent thinking between expert and novice designers in their graphic designing process. The result shows that the cognitive process is basically the same between the two, which can be summarized as active thinking, substantial probes, generalization, and reflection. But there are directional differences in details. In the ideating emergent stage, the expert designer relies on knowledge and experience to think divergently, while the novice depends more on the interest and the environment, advancing the ideas based on the generalization. At the same time, the novice obviously shows more sense of caution and anxiety than the expert, through frequently checks, judgements and reflections on sketches from the perspective of goals. After comprehensive analysis and sorting, a theoretical model of divergent thinking composed of four cognitive factors is obtained.
