研究背景與目的: 兒童網路遊戲成癮議題備受重視；過去研究指出，注意力缺陷多動症障礙 (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD) 和網路遊戲成癮之間高度相關，但之間的路徑機制及因果關係尚未明瞭。故本研究擬透過一年追蹤資料的分析，檢驗網路遊戲正向預期以及暴力遊戲在國小4-6年級學童ADHD與網路遊戲成癮間的可能中介作用。研究方法: 本研究資料採用「103年度與104年度學生網路使用情形調查計畫」中所收集之部份資料進行分析。689名國小4-6年級學童於二年皆參加該計畫調查，第一年 (簡稱T1) 參與填寫「個人資料表」、「網路遊戲成癮量表」、「網路遊戲正向預期量表」；再於第二年 (簡稱T2) 追蹤施測 ，並增加填寫「網路遊戲使用調查」瞭解所玩暴力網路遊戲之情況。統計部分，使用SmartPLS檢驗測量模型的信效度、區別效度以及結構模型的路徑係數。研究結果: 結果顯示，T1 ADHD直接且間接透過T1網路遊戲正向預期預測T1網路遊戲成癮；T1 ADHD也直接且間接透過T1和T2 網路遊戲正向預期預測T2網路遊戲成癮；T1 ADHD直接且間接透過T1網路遊戲正向預期及T2暴力遊戲正向預測T2網路遊戲成癮；T1 ADHD也透過T1網路遊戲正向預期中介T2暴力遊戲，再透過T2網路遊戲正向預期正向預測T2網路遊戲成癮。研究結論: 本縱貫研究證實，ADHD正向預測網路遊戲成癮；但進一步發現網路遊戲正向預期和暴力遊戲在ADHD與網路遊戲成癮間的可能中介作用；此中介路徑的發現，有助於解釋先前ADHD與網路遊戲成癮間高度相關的可能機制；成果可做為未來預防和處遇ADHD兒童網路遊戲成癮策略擬定參考。 Purpose: The association of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with internet gaming addiction (IGA) were documented. However, the possible underlying psychological mechanisms remained unclear. This study is an attempt to examine the mediation role of internet gaming positive outcome expectancy and violent gaming in the association of ADHD symptoms with IGA among children in fourth and fifth grade. Methods: This study is part of the investigation of internet use of students among teenagers, held by Prof. HC Ko. A total of 689 students in fourth and fifth grade (347 males and 342 female) recruited from elementary schools completed survey in 2013 (time 1) and 2014 (time 2).Results: Structure equation modeling results revealed that , 1) ADHD symptoms directly and indirectly predicted IGA (T1) mediated through internet gaming positive outcome expectancy (T1); 2) ADHD (T1) predicted IGA (T2) mediated by internet gaming positive outcome expectancy measured in T1 and T2 ; 3) ADHD (T1) affected violent internet gaming (T2) mediated by internet gaming positive outcome expectancy (T1); 4) violent internet gaming (T2) indirectly predicted IGA (T2) by the mediation of internet gaming positive outcome expectancy (T2). The model obtained an adequate fit.Conclusion: This longitudinal study over the course of one year approved that ADHD predicted an increase in internet gaming addiction by the mediating role of internet gaming positive outcome expectancy and violent gaming. These nuanced mediation findings help to explain previous results for the ADHD-internet gaming addiction association. More attention should be paid to ADHD and violent games intervention to prevent internet gaming addiction.
