初探語意一致性與年齡效果對於場景建構能力之影響

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Title:	初探語意一致性與年齡效果對於場景建構能力之影響 Effects of semantic coherence and age on scene construction: A preliminary study
Authors:	薛宗倫 HSUEH, TSUNG-LUN
Contributors:	心理學系
Keywords:	老化;場景邊緣擴張;基模;注意力調控 Aging;Boundary Extension;Schema;Attentional control
Date:	2020
Issue Date:	2022-12-07 02:24:48 (UTC+0)
Publisher:	亞洲大學
Abstract:	目的：記憶能力隨著年齡的增加而逐漸下降，而場景建構能力對於記憶至關重要，在建構場景過程中部件/主體與背景之語意一致性對於所涉及的心理歷程有所影響。近期研究發現一敏感於內側顳葉、特別是在主體與背景的場景建構上之認知現象，稱為場景邊緣擴張（boundary extension, BE），其測量方式多為呈現語意一致刺激後，透過延宕繪圖與再認作業觀察BE現象。然而過去多以語意一致刺激進行場景建構功能之測量，較少探討刺激主體與背景之間一致性對於場景建構能力之影響，此外，亦有研究顯示視覺注意力對於場景建構歷程有所影響，然而，過去研究未探討視覺注意力在主體與背景間語意一致與不一致刺激情境下場景建構歷程中的差異，本研究希望透過BE現象與視覺注意力來探討刺激語意一致性對於年輕人與老年人場景建構之影響。方法：本研究利用BE探討年輕成人與中老年人場景建構能力，共收集49受試者，年輕組有28名，平均年齡為20.96 ± 1.26歲；中老年組有21名，平均年齡為64.95 ± 4.96歲。所有的受試者皆參與BE研究（包含了語意一致及語意不一致刺激）、基本神經心理測驗評估，並在BE研究之學習階段，利用眼動儀監測觀察受試者在視覺搜尋歷程時，其注視主體及背景的時間比例是否受到語意的影響。結果：在延宕繪圖作業中，年輕組與中老年組之間在語意一致刺激呈現下，BE表現無顯著差異，但在語意不一致刺激呈現下，中老年組在BE表現較明顯，且中老年組語意不一致刺激相較於語意一致刺激其BE表現也較明顯。在再認作業下，年輕組在ㄧ較易產生場景建構之情境中對於語意不一致刺激之場景建構傾向較語意一致刺激明顯，中老年組在ㄧ較不易產生場景建構之情境對於語意不一致刺激距離判斷傾向錯誤較多。注視主體時間比例在不同組別與不同語意刺激上皆無顯著差異。結論：語意不一致刺激可能更容易觸及正常成人、特別是中老年人之場景建構，導致BE現象更明顯。未來需在異常老化族群驗證此可能性，但這或許是未來臨床上鑑別老化與AD差異的重要現象之一。 Purposes: Memory often gradually decreases with ageing. Previous researchers have proposed that scene construction is essential for memory. Semantic coherence of scene components/subjects and background has an impact on the psychological processes involved in scene construction. Recent research has found that a cognitive phenomenon which is sensitive to medial temporal lobe functioning, especially in the components/subject and background scene construction, called boundary extension (BE), and its measurement method is usually through presenting semantically coherence stimuli, then Delayed Drawing and Delayed Recognition to observe the BE phenomenon. Recent studies found that the levels of BE among elderly individuals are higher than those among the young adults. However, to the best of my knowledge, no previous study has evaluated the effects of semantic coherency between components/subjects and background on BE among older and younger adults. In addition, visual attention has been suggested to play a role in scene construction. The aim of the present study was to approach the impacts of visual attention in the relationships between semantic coherency of stimuli and BE among younger and older adults. Methods: This study used BE to approach the ability of scene construction among young adults (YA) and the older individuals (OA). The stimuli of the BE tasks included semantic coherent (CO) and semantic incoherent (INCO) scenes. Forty-nine subjects comprising a group of 28 YA (mean age = 20.96 ± 1.26 years) and a group of 21 OA (mean age = 64.95 ± 4.96 years) were recruited. All subjects received tasks assessing BE and background neuropsychological functions. Eye movements were recorded while the participants were undertaking the learning stage of the BE tasks to observe the impact of their schema on visual search. Results: No significant difference in BE performance between the YA and OA groups on the recall of CO scenes was observed. In contrast, the OA exhibited higher levels of BE on the recall of INCO scenes. Regarding the Delayed Recognition, there was a trend of exhibiting higher levels of BE among the YAs while dealing stimuli under a condition that frequently invokes BE. There was a trend of committing more errors among the OAs while dealing stimuli under a condition that rarely invokes BE. There was no significant difference in the visual fixation distributions between the groups while learning either type of stimuli. Conclusions: Semantic incoherent scenes may require higher degrees of scene construction than their coherent counterparts among adult individuals, especially among those with normal ageing. The results may have values in differentiating individuals with normal and those with abnormal ageing. Further verification of the possibilities through elderly.
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