COVID-19 Phobia: The Impact of Gender, Epidemic Situation, and Social Media

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Title:	COVID-19 Phobia: The Impact of Gender, Epidemic Situation, and Social Media COVID-19 Phobia: The Impact of Gender, Epidemic Situation, and Social Media
Authors:	GUNAWAN, YASMINE-AULIA GUNAWAN, YASMINE-AULIA
Contributors:	心理學系
Keywords:	COVID-19;epidemic;gender;phobia;social media COVID-19;epidemic;gender;phobia;social media
Date:	2021-05-06
Issue Date:	2022-11-28 07:46:55 (UTC+0)
Publisher:	亞洲大學
Abstract:	Introduction: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), originating from Wuhan, China, has rapidly infected people worldwide; the impact of COVID-19 on mental health remains determined. COVID-19 Phobia, a relatively new pandemic-related construct, is strongly related to psychological symptoms, which are particular forms of anxiety disorders established by a persistent and excessive fear of the massive outbreaks of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to expand the understanding of mental health response related to the impact of gender, epidemic situation, and social media on COVID-19 Phobia.Methods: The pilot study was designed to test the scale's reliability and compare the COVID-19 Phobia of participants from Taiwan with the U.S. Simultaneously, the main study was to compare a larger population from several countries with the different epidemic situations and explore the impact of gender differences and social media usages on COVID-19 Phobia among participants.This study utilized an online social survey for collecting the data. The tertiary education students in the U.S.A. and Taiwan consisted of 492 respondents who participated in the pilot study. Subsequently, 1800 participants from 62 countries were gathered through convenient sampling from social media groups (e.g., Facebook, Line, & WhatsApp), the Survey Circles, and the Mturk. This study measured the sociodemographic, the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S), and social media usage. The researcher utilized a t-test, two-way ANOVAs, correlation test, and regression for analyzing the data. Results: Both the pilot study (n=492) and main study (n\=1800) reported that participant in low-risk epidemic had lower C19P-S compared to students in high-risk epidemic countries, and there was a significant interaction between the effects of gender and epidemic situation on COVID-19 Phobia. Moreover, this research found that COVID-19 Phobia tends to be higher among females than. Meanwhile, daily time spent on social media contributed 69% of C19P-S, the more time spent on social media liable to had greater C19P-S among participants.Discussion and Conclusion: Females reported greater COVID-19 Phobia. Student participants who stay in the high-risk country have a higher phobia of COVID-19; the more people spend time on social media, the more COVID-19 Phobia. This research provides fruitful implications on the role of gender differences, epidemic severity, and social media towards COVID-19 Phobia. Introduction: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), originating from Wuhan, China, has rapidly infected people worldwide; the impact of COVID-19 on mental health remains determined. COVID-19 Phobia, a relatively new pandemic-related construct, is strongly related to psychological symptoms, which are particular forms of anxiety disorders established by a persistent and excessive fear of the massive outbreaks of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to expand the understanding of mental health response related to the impact of gender, epidemic situation, and social media on COVID-19 Phobia.Methods: The pilot study was designed to test the scale's reliability and compare the COVID-19 Phobia of participants from Taiwan with the U.S. Simultaneously, the main study was to compare a larger population from several countries with the different epidemic situations and explore the impact of gender differences and social media usages on COVID-19 Phobia among participants.This study utilized an online social survey for collecting the data. The tertiary education students in the U.S.A. and Taiwan consisted of 492 respondents who participated in the pilot study. Subsequently, 1800 participants from 62 countries were gathered through convenient sampling from social media groups (e.g., Facebook, Line, & WhatsApp), the Survey Circles, and the Mturk. This study measured the sociodemographic, the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S), and social media usage. The researcher utilized a t-test, two-way ANOVAs, correlation test, and regression for analyzing the data. Results: Both the pilot study (n=492) and main study (n\=1800) reported that participant in low-risk epidemic had lower C19P-S compared to students in high-risk epidemic countries, and there was a significant interaction between the effects of gender and epidemic situation on COVID-19 Phobia. Moreover, this research found that COVID-19 Phobia tends to be higher among females than. Meanwhile, daily time spent on social media contributed 69% of C19P-S, the more time spent on social media liable to had greater C19P-S among participants.Discussion and Conclusion: Females reported greater COVID-19 Phobia. Student participants who stay in the high-risk country have a higher phobia of COVID-19; the more people spend time on social media, the more COVID-19 Phobia. This research provides fruitful implications on the role of gender differences, epidemic severity, and social media towards COVID-19 Phobia.
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