耕地三七五減租土地管理辦法之存廢議題

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题名:	耕地三七五減租土地管理辦法之存廢議題 The Problem of the Measures for the Administration of Land Rent Reduction in Farmland 375.
作者:	張祐任 CHANG, YOU-JEN
贡献者:	經營管理學系碩士在職專班
关键词:	耕地三七五減租;佃農;地主;存廢 Rent reduction of farmland 37.5%;tenant farmers;landlords;abolition
日期:	2021-01-29
上传时间:	2022-10-31 05:38:58 (UTC+0)
出版者:	亞洲大學
摘要:	《耕地三七五減租》是當時中華民國政府在台灣土地改革上的第一階段工作，也是具時代意義的產物，非衡平法則，立法係為保護佃農為出發點，因現今社會情況觀之，其若干條文規定已不合時宜。當時台灣經濟注重農業生產，農業人口比重過半，租佃制度很多都是口頭契約、地租過高、租期短暫不定、押租金過高、鐵租、副產物租、包租轉佃及地主任意收回耕地等情形發生。地主規定的農地租金是採預收制，時有彈性或無彈性。因此，政府於三十六年三月二十日，從字第一○○五○號訓令規定佃農應繳之耕地地租。學者有云：「大地孕育生命，有土斯有財，有土斯有命。」自古以來農業社會即以土地所有權為重要財產，然耕地三七五減租條例的規定對佃農(意指：承租人)極為保護，致地主財產權受到嚴格之限制。惟以現今社會情況觀之，農業環境與以往截然不同，保護佃農益應屬「私益」而非公益，不符合必要性原則。台灣光復初期，在辦理完成土地改革後，原有相關政策與規定已進行調整，唯獨第一階段之耕地三七五減租條例規定的內容與實施初期相較沒有大幅改變。因此衍生出很多問題，尤其地主與佃農間對租約處理問題爭議頻繁。本研究之目的在於耕地三七五減租條例廢除之探討，耕地三七五減租條例的租佃爭議訴訟類型中，以耕地出租人請求收回耕地事件最為常見，如何在辦理終止耕的租約之同時，又能兼顧佃農與地主雙方之權益，促進土地充分有效利用，政府當局應更認真思考本條例之存廢。 The first stage of the ROC government's land reform in Taiwan was the result of an epochal process. At that time, Taiwan's economy was focused on agricultural production, and the agricultural population was over half, so many of the tenancy systems were verbal contracts, too high land rent, too short and indefinite, too high a deposit of rent, too high iron rent, by-product rent, lease transfer, and the land manager's intention to reclaim farmland. The landowner's rent is a pre-receipt system, sometimes flexible or inflexible. Therefore, on March 20, 2006, the Government issued an Order No. 1050. It stipulated that tenant farmers should pay rent for farmland. Scholars say, "The earth gives birth to life, and there is wealth and life."Since ancient times, the agricultural society has taken ownership of land as its important property, and the provisions of the 375 rent reduction act on the tenant farmers (meaning the lessee) have been extremely protective, so that the landlord's property rights are strictly. But in view of the present social situation, the agricultural environment is very different from the past, and it is not necessary to protect the interests of the tenants as "private interests" rather than public ones. In the early days of retrocession in Taiwan, after the completion of land reform, the original policies and regulations have been adjusted, except that the provisions of the 375 rent reduction regulations in the first phase of the farming land have not changed significantly compared to those in the early stages of the implementation. So many problems arose, especially the frequent disputes between landlords and tenants over the handling of tenancy agreements. The purpose of this study is to discuss the abolition of the Farmland 375 Rent Reduction Ordinance. Of the types of disputes over leaseholds under the Farmland 375 Rent Reduction Ordinance, the most common case is the request of the Farmland leasor to reclaim farmland. How to proceed with the termination of the tenancy agreement, and the interests of the tenant and landlord, to promote the full and effective use of the land, the Administration should think more seriously about these Regulations.
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