| Abstract: | 在人類的死亡原因裡惡性腫瘤（癌症）是主要的原因之一。隨著飲食西化和生活習慣的改變，臺灣在乳癌患者的好發年齡約比歐美國家年輕十歲，目前乳癌（Breast Cancer）在國內是女性發生率第一位，死亡率第四位的癌症。癌症的形成都是從一顆細胞開始，正常情況下，細胞會進行分裂製造新的細胞，老化的細胞會逐漸凋零、死亡，然後再由新的細胞取代之。但是，如果在正常進行分裂的過程中產生了錯誤，細胞一直被製造出來而老化或受損的細胞並沒有死亡，這些不遵守細胞生長規律的細胞長到一個程度就會形成一個腫塊。腫瘤細胞可以分為對身體無害的良性細胞和會傷害身體甚至危害生命的惡性細胞。本研究以乳癌為標的，探討在差異基因表現的分析中發現有BRCA2、CALR、CDKN2A、CDKN2B、NOX4是屬於較高表現的基因而且在預後上是有明顯差異的。而Mutations的分析中篩選出ABL1、PTEN、PLK2、PNPT1、PRKDC、SLC30A10突變率較高的6個基因，其中ABL1、PTEN及PRKDC與臨床預後相關。經由本研究發現之差異表現基因，或是具突變基因，結合其臨床預後分析結果，可提供研究學者對乳癌之致病機轉更進一步之了解。
Malignant tumor is one of the main causes of death in humans. With the westernization of diet and changes in living habits, the prevalence age of breast cancer patients in Taiwan is about ten years younger than that of European and American countries. At present, Breast Cancer is the cancer with the highest incidence of women and the fourth highest mortality rate in Taiwan. The formation of cancer starts from a single cell. Under normal circumstances, cells divide to create new cells, and aging cells gradually wither and die, and then replaced by new cells. However, if an error occurs in the normal process of division, the cells have been manufactured and the aging or damaged cells have not died. These cells that do not follow the cell growth law will grow to a certain extent and form a mass. Tumor cells can be divided into benign cells that are harmless to the body and malignant cells that can harm the body or even endanger life. In this study, breast cancer was used as the target. In the analysis of differential gene expression of mgoii62, BRCA2, CALR, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, and NOX4 were found to be higher-performing genes and there are significant differences in prognosis. In the analysis of Mutations, 6 genes with higher mutation rates of ABL1, PTEN, PLK2, PNPT1, PRKDC, and SLC30A10 were screened out. Among them, ABL1, PTEN and PRKDC are related to clinical prognosis. The differentially expressed genes found in this study, or genes with mutations, combined with the results of clinical prognostic analysis, can provide researchers with a further understanding of the pathogenesis of breast cancer. |
