?咯里西啶生物鹼 (pyrrolizidine alkaloid；PAs) 為植物中抵禦昆蟲的一種天然毒素，經人體吸收活化代謝後，會產生有毒的次級代謝產物，會對人體健康造成肝毒性、肺毒性、基因毒性以及致癌性等影響，大多存在於菊科、紫草科和豆科等植物中。本研究以菊科澤蘭屬植物進行研究，其常被當作中草藥之一，也多為斑蝶喜愛之蜜源植物，因此蒐集栽種臺灣原生種林氏澤蘭 (Eupatorium lindleyanum DC.)、栽種臺灣特有種基隆澤蘭 (Eupatorium kiirunense (Kitam.) C.H. Ou & S. W. Chung) 和野生臺灣特有種島田氏澤蘭 (Eupatorium shimadai Kitamura) 進行成分鑑定。將實驗植物樣品經 60 度 12 小時烘乾後，超音波酸水萃取的方法將 PAs 從植物樣品中提取純化，用鋅粉還原後鹼化，以固相萃取的方式得待分析之 PAs，最後經氣相層析質譜儀 (GC/MS) 檢測分析。分析結果為在林氏澤蘭中發現 27種 PAs 化合物，其中含有 16 種不飽和型態之 PAs 化合物，基隆澤蘭中發現 20 種 PAs 化合物，其中含有 14 種飽和型態之 PAs 化合物，而島田氏澤蘭中發現 19 種 PAs 化合物，其中含有 16 種飽和型態之 PAs 化合物。依據不同植物樣品各部位之?咯里西啶生物鹼含量比例均存在差異，針對四季溫度的不同，在樣品植物中各部位的含量也會有所改變。本研究透過 GC/MS 分析菊科澤蘭屬植物中其含有的?咯里西啶生物鹼以及在各部位之含量，可以提供給衛生單位與醫藥生技產業更多科學依據，提高公眾健康的安全。 Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are natural toxicant produced by plants as defense chemical against insect herbivores. They are distributed mainly in plat families of Asteraceae, Boraginaceae and Fabaceae. The secondary metabolites of PAs after being absorbed and activated by liver exhibit hepatotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, genotoxicity and tumorigenicity. In this study, we analyzed three species of the Eupatorium genus of Asteraceae for their PAs contents composition in different organs and observed the variation of PAs in different seasons. The selected plants include the Taiwan native species of fresh Eupatorium lindleyanum DC, the Taiwan endemic species of fresh Eupatorium kiirunense (Kitam.) C.H. Ou & S.W. Chung and the wild Eupatorium shimadai Kitamura. They are often used as folk medicine and also are nectariferous plants consumed by Danaidae butterflies. The extracts of PAs were obtained by HCl solution method and purified by solid phase extraction. The identification and quantification of PAs were carried out by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS).The results show that 27, 20 and 19 PAs were identified from E. lindleyanum, E. kiirunense and E. shimadai respectively. In terms of higher toxic PAs, 16, 6 and 3 unsaturated PAs were found in E. lindleyanum, E. kiirunense and E. shimadai respectively. The PAs contents differ in each part of the plant organs where the roots contain the highest. In the seasonal point of view, the PAs content vary notably among seasons that might relate to the growth stages of the plants or the external climate or ecological environment change. The results of this study analyzes the pyrrolizidine alkaloids by GC/MS and their contents in various parts, which can improve the safety of public health.
