| Abstract: | 依據內政部戶政司資料顯示，我國65歲以上老年人口占總人口比率在107年3月底達到14.05％，臺灣正式宣告邁入「高齡社會」。在高齡化社會，根據衛福部統計資料顯示全臺23縣市可提供銀髮族入住之機構有1103家，入住比率約為78%，隨著人口老化、少子化、社會變遷等因素，老人入住長期照護機構的可能性因而增加。長者入住機構後因本身原有的健康問題及團體生活特性，容易出現身體活動能力降低、人際互動減少、社交退縮等行為，容易萌生孤寂感、被遺棄感、不安全感、憂鬱、焦慮及低自尊等負面情緒。是故，本研究目的以繪畫藝術創作為媒介，探討藉由高中青少年所導入之藝術創意活動設計，對機構長者孤寂感之效益及高中青少年對長者之老人態度及服務意願效益。
本研究以中部某安養中心為主，為期三個月時間完成10次繪畫活動，每次活動約60~90分鐘，招募30名老年長者住民及10就讀高中青少年。採立意取樣方式，分成實驗組15名與對照組15名，二組。活動開始前，二組接受老人孤寂量表評估，作為前測。實驗組參與高中青少年所帶領之藝術創作活動為主；對照組依照平常安養中心安排之課表活動。10次活動結束後，二組長者再接受一次老人孤寂量表施測為後測。高中青少年在活動開始的前測，接受老人態度量表、服務意願量表兩量表之評估；10次活動結束後，再接受老人態度量表、服務意願量表為後測及反思活動回饋的分享。代間繪畫方案結果，養護中心長者前後測老人孤寂量表顯示，代間協同繪畫創作方案沒有顯著差異性。而高中生對長者態度及服務意願也是沒有顯著差異。但高中青少年反思回饋單呈現對活動持正向肯定的態度且參與活動帶來成就感是成長過程中沒有的經驗，與量表結果不同。
儘管主觀情感聯結與客觀數據上，呈現不同，但從學生的回饋單上，顯示代間繪畫藝術創作方案是有其重要性的。
According to the data of the Ministry of the Interior Department of Statistics, the proportion of the elderly population aged 65 or above accounts for 14.05% of Taiwan’s total population in the end of 2018. Taiwan has officially entered the "aging society". With the aging of population, less children, and social changes, the possibility of the elderly living in long-term care institutions has increased. Because of their own health problems and group living characteristics, the elderly people living in institutions tend to have lower physical activity, less interpersonal interaction, and social withdrawal. They are prone to loneliness, abandonment, insecurity, melancholy, anxiety, and low self-esteem.
Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between loneliness of the elderly residents and the attitude of the high school students. The creative arts activities were used as a medium and carried out by high school students. The willingness of high school student in participation in creative arts activities were examined as well.
In this study, 30 elderly residents and 10 high school students were recruited. The 30 elderly residents were divided into two groups: experimental group (n=15) and control group (n=15). Before the activity, the two groups were assessed with the Elderly Loneliness Scale as a pretest. The experimental group mainly participated in the 10 art creation activities led by high school students, while the control group participated in the regular schedule activities arranged by the hospice center. At the end of 10 art creation activities, the elderly residents in the two groups were assessed again with Elderly Loneliness Scale as a posttest. The high school students were assessed with the Elderly Attitude Scale and Service Willingness Scale twice, before the activity began and by the end of 10 art creation activities. In addition, the high school students had to fill out the feedback reflection activity sheet.
The results of intergenerational art creation activities showed that there was no significant difference in intergenerational collaborative painting creation scheme. There was no significant difference in senior high school students' attitude and service willingness. However, the high school students' reflective feedback sheet shows positive attitude towards the activities and the sense of achievement brought by participation in the activities, which is different from the results of the scale. Although the subjective emotional connection is different from the objective data, it is important to take in to account the subjective part of students’ feedback when considering to conduct the intergenerational painting art creation plan for elderly residents. |
