探討民眾參與長照志工服務採用時間銀行機制之行為意向的研究

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Title:	探討民眾參與長照志工服務採用時間銀行機制之行為意向的研究 Investigating the Behavior Intention of the People Participating for the Long-Term Care Volunteer Service Using the Time Banks Mechanism
Authors:	楊婉琪 YANG, WAN-CHI
Contributors:	健康產業管理學系長期照護組碩士在職專班
Keywords:	長照志工服務;時間銀行;行為意向 long-term care volunteer service;Time Bank;behavior intention
Date:	2019
Issue Date:	2019-10-29 02:22:35 (UTC+0)
Publisher:	亞洲大學
Abstract:	目前台灣社會人口結構改變，老年人口比例持續增加，照顧人力嚴重不足，且照顧者的年齡也有攀升的趨勢。Edgar S.Cahn於1980提出時間銀行的概念，主要的想法是提出利用人與人之間合作互惠的機制，並將「時間」當成一種交易以及可儲蓄與提領的貨幣。因此本研究將探討民眾參與長照志工服務採用時間銀行機制之行為意向，期望可以得知民眾的行為意向，進而可以得知影響參與的因素。本研究以Ajzen（1985）計劃行為理論為研究主架構，探討台中市民眾對參與長照志工時間銀行的「態度」、「主觀規範」、「認知行為控制」及「參與誘因」是否影響參與長照志工時間銀行的「行為意向」。本研究以台中市之民眾為對象，取樣採滾雪球取樣方式(Snowball sampling），使用結構式問卷調查收集資料。總計回收350份問卷，其中有效問卷為324份。所得資料以SPSS 22.0統計分析軟體之描述性統計分析、獨立樣本t檢定分析、單因子變異數分析、事後檢定Scheffe法、卡方檢定及羅吉斯迴歸進行收案結果分析。本研究發現民眾對於參與長照志工時間銀行均持正向認同的態度，分析指出對於參與長照志工時間銀行的「態度」認同程度部份：「有跟父母同住」的受訪者高於「沒跟父母同住」的受訪者；「先前已有時間銀行概念」的受訪者高於「先前並無時間銀行概念」的受訪者。在參與長照志工時間銀行的「主觀規範」認同程度部份：「無子女」受訪者高於「有子女」受訪者；高中以下教育程度在「主觀規範」的影響大於研究所以上教育程度：在參與長照志工時間銀行的「認知行為控制」認同程度部份：「先前已有時間銀行概念」的受訪者高於「先前並無時間銀行概念」的受訪者。在各變項對於參與長照志工時間銀行的「行為意向」結果發現，在受訪者背景資料中僅有「是否當過志工」及「是否聽過時間銀行」的受訪者有顯著正向的影響。「態度」、「主觀規範」及「認知行為控制」對於「行為意向」有正向顯著影響，以「認知行為控制」為最強，「主觀規範」次之，最後為「態度」。由以上分析結果指出個人本身的能力為影響「行為意向」的最大因素，指民眾注重本身的能力是否足以勝任為最主要的因素。建議在推廣上應該著重在個人能力的提升，服務前的事前訓練顯得非常重要；宣傳時間銀行的優點，讓民眾了解其運作的方式及內容，有助於提高民眾參與長照志工時間銀行的意願及推廣。本研究經過回饋時數意願的調查，發現民眾對於長照志工服務兌換長照專業服務回饋時數部分，並不是贊成以一小時兌換一小時的等比例兌換方式，而是在不同的項目有不同的權重。希望透過本研究的調查可以提供未來在設計長照志工時間銀行的參考。 Recently, population in Taiwan has been changed. Taiwan's social population structure has changed, he proportion of the elderly population has continued to increase, the number of people caring for them is seriously inadequate, and the age of caregivers has also increased. Edgar S. Cahn introduced the concept of Time Bank in 1980. The main idea was to propose a mechanism for exploiting reciprocity between people and to use "time" as a transaction and a currency that can be saved and drawn. Therefore, this study will explore the behavioral intention of the public to participate in the long-term care volunteer service using the Time Bank mechanism. It is expected that the people's behavioral intentions can be known, and then the factors of influence can be known.This study uses Ajzen's (1985) plan behavior theory as the main structure of the study to explore whether the Taichung City people participating in the long-term care volunteer’s Time Bank's "attitude", "subjective norms", "perceived behavior control" and " participation incentives" impact on the "behavioral intention" of participating in the long-term care volunteer’s Time Bank. This study used the snowball sampling method for the people in Taichung City to collect data using a structured questionnaire. A total of 350 questionnaires were collected, of which 324 were valid. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis of SPSS 22.0 statistical analysis software, independent sample t-test analysis, One-Way Analysis of Variance, Scheffe's Post Hoc test, Chi-Square test and Logistic Regression.This study finds that the public has a positive recognition in the long-term care volunteer’s Time Bank. The analysis points out that the degree of recognition of the “attitude” of the long-term care volunteer time banks: “there are people living with their parents” respondents who were higher than the “living without their parents”; those who had “previously had a time banking concept” were higher than those who “had no prior time banking concept”. In the part of the “subjective normative” recognition of the long-term care volunteer’s bank Bank, the number of respondents who are “don’t have children” is higher than that of “have children”; the education level below high school has a greater impact on “subjective norms” than the research degree.: In the part of the " perceived behavior control " recognition of the long-term care volunteer’s Time Bank, the "previous Time Bank’s concept" respondents were higher than the "previous without Time Bank’s concept". In the results of the “behavioral intentions” of participating in the long-term care volunteer’s Time Bank, it was found that the respondents with “whether they have been volunteers” and “previous Time Bank’s concept” in the background data of the respondents have significant positive impact. "Attitude", "subjective norms" and " perceived behavioral control" have a positive and significant impact on "behavioral intentions", with " perceived behavior control" being the strongest, "subjective norms" being the second, and finally "attitudes". From the above analysis, it is pointed out that the individual's own ability is the biggest factor affecting the "behavioral intention", which means that the people's ability to focus on their own ability is sufficient to be the most important factor. It is suggested that the promotion should focus on the improvement of personal ability, and the pre-service training is very important; the promotion of the advantages of the time bank, let the people understand the way and content of its operation, and help people to improve Willingness and promotion in participating the long-term care volunteer’s Time Bank. In the light of the feedback survey in this study, this study found that the people’s exchange of long-term care professional services for long-term care volunteer service is not in favor of one-hour exchange for one-hour exchange, but in different projects. Different weights. It is hoped that the survey conducted by this study can provide a reference for design of the Time Bank for long-term care volunteers in th future.
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