| Abstract: | 隨著環境衛生的改善、醫療服務、科學發達、營養改善、免疫力的增加和社會福利制度的建立等因素的影響，世界各國老年人口也不段攀升，造成全球65歲以上人口最多的時期。臺灣也不例外，根據內政部的統計國人平均壽命 80.2 歲，男性 77.01 歲、女性 83.62 歲，107年世界最長命國家在亞洲，臺灣排名第 4 名。「長壽」，這是早期的人類的夢想。相對的，「長壽」，容易產生身體變化與引發的疾病相對越多，因為老化會引起的生理、心理、社會等層面的變化，使得高齡者逐漸喪失健康、心智、社會地位、權益及經濟上的優勢，這些高齡者也成為了社會中的弱勢族群，人口老化引起這些問題機率相對也增高。近年台灣由於人口結構改變、家庭結構改變及婦女就業率提高，家庭的照護人力縮減，老人長期照護議題成為政府必須介入的重要政策，老人照護問題已不在是個人與家庭責任，政府角色更為重要，因此，老人照護是公共事務管理的重要議題。
研究方法:
茲為瞭解主題內容及建立研究架構，首先係以文獻分析法為主，透過相關 法規及文獻之蒐集、彙整與分析。不同的國家文化、制度不同、 我們不僅調查了台灣和日本，長照政策，財務問題和每個國家的長照保險比較。
從各國家長照保險，我們選擇日本作為本次比較對象，並根據我們得出的優勢和劣勢給出了有用的基礎。日本人口老化型態走在世界最前面，且日本與台灣的文化、觀念接近，可以參考，因此選擇做這研究。
結論:
對於台灣、日本長期照護在很多面向方面有相同性與相異性，在此次論問中做出了綜合性的比較，並對台日政府所採取之措施與各面向的優缺點做出比較，希望為我國長照現狀與需改進的地方提供一些解決方法。
With the improvement of sanitation, health care, science developed, improved nutritional factors, the establishment of the social welfare system and increase immunity and other countries in the world segment of the elderly population is not rising; causing most of the world's population aged over 65, Taiwan is no exception. According to the Ministry of the Interior, the average life expectancy of Taiwanese people is 80.2 years old, 77.01 for males and 83.62 for females. In 107, the world's longest-lived country is in Asia, Taiwan ranks 4th. “Longevity " is the dream of human beings. In contrast, more problems caused by changes in physical condition, because of changes in the level of physiological aging causes, psychological, social, etc., so that elderly people gradually lose health, mental, social status. The advantage of equity and economic, these elderly has become a society of disadvantaged groups, the chances of these problems caused by the aging population are also relatively higher. In recent years, due to demographic changes, changes in family structure and increasing employment rate of women, the number of family care workers has shrunk. The long-term care of the elderly has become an important policy that the government must intervene. The problem of elderly care is no longer a responsibility for individuals and families. The role of government is more important. Therefore, elderly care is an important issue in the management of public affairs.
Method:
In order to understand the subject matter and establish a research structure, we first focus on the literature analysis method, through the collection and analysis of relevant laws and documents. Different countries have different cultures and systems. We are not only surveyed Taiwan and Japan, long-term policies, financial problems and long-term insurance comparisons in each country.
From the long-term insurance in various countries, we chose Japan as the object of comparison and gave a useful basis based on our strengths and weaknesses. Japan's population aging pattern is at the forefront of the world, due to Japan and Taiwan's culture and concepts are close to each other, so we decide to do this research.
Conclusion:
Long-term care in Taiwan and Japan has similarities and differences in many aspects. In this discussion, a comprehensive comparison was made, and the measures taken by the Taiwan-Japan government were compared with the advantages and disadvantages of each aspect. I hope to provide some solutions for the status quo of Taiwan's long-term care for improvement. |
