| Abstract: | 如今，“創意城市”已經成爲全世界許多城市發展政策中的核心概念。在此背景之下，爲促進創意經濟的發展，不同形式和不同尺度的創意社區在全球範圍內如雨後春筍般興起。不過，近些年，許多學者們都曾指出，非永續性現象已經在當下的許多創意社區中開始滋長起來。因此，目前亟待於通過評估研究來明確永續性創意社區之改善優先級，探究製訂相應改善策略的思路與方式。另外，如將創意社區視爲各類設計實踐活動的空間載體的話，其永續性與這些設計實踐所呈現出的創造性程度之間存在著密不可分的關聯性，然而，目前還未能明確一種適用於檢視設計實踐之創造性的評估模式。另外，值得關注的是，在創意社區中的閒置空間改造設計，這是一類較爲常見且對於創意社區自身的永續性能夠起到關鍵性影響的設計實踐活動。因此，需要對於創意社區中閒置空間設計所呈現出的創造性進行更爲深入地解析，進而在此議題之下推動評估研究的開展。綜上所述，首先，本研究應用一種混合式多屬性決策模型來進行永續性創意社區之評估研究。其次，通過對來自社會學領域的紮根理論和來自運籌學領域的多屬性決策方法進行整合，進而構建一種質、量結合的評估模式。最後，本研究應用新構建的評估模式來檢視創意社區中閒置空間改造設計之創造性。研究結果表明：(1) 對於永續性創意社區而言，經濟永續性是影響權重最高的一項評估構面，而最具支配性影響力的卻是社會永續性構面，對於實證案例的績效評估分析，可結合評估研究中所獲取的影響關係網路圖與影響權重，製訂持續且系統性的改善策略，進而在資源配置的過程中避免決策的偏誤和缺乏實際效用的舉措。(2) 新構建的評估模式充分利用了紮根理論與多屬性決策這兩種分析技術的優越性，在評估研究的不同階段解決相應的不同問題，實現各項分析技術之間的優劣互補。(3) 檢視創意社區中閒置空間改造設計之創造性，可以基於功能性，藝術性和社會性這3項主要範疇來進行評估，其中功能性構面是影響權重最高的，而社會性是最具支配性影響力的構面，實證案例可通過績效評估結果來明確亟待解決的諸多現實問題，同時，結合紮根理論果與多屬性決策的分析結果，從現實問題背後的影響源頭入手，製訂持續且系統性的改善策略。
Nowadays, the concept of creative cities has become central to many countries’ urban development policies. In this context, creative communities of various forms and scales have emerged around the world to further promote growth of the creative economy. However, various scholars have pointed out in recent years that many such communities have begun showing signs of unsustainability. There is currently an urgent need to conduct evaluation research in order to clearly identify and prioritize the improvements needed to achieve sustainable creative communities, as well as to explore ideas and methods with which to formulate the corresponding strategies. If a creative community is regarded as the spatial medium in which various activities related to design practice take place, then there is an inextricable link between its sustainability and the level of creativity presented by those design practices. However, an evaluation model that is suitable for reviewing the creativity of design practices has yet to be clearly determined. Another issue is the transformation of unused spaces in a creative community. This is a relatively common design practice that can have critical impacts on the community’s sustainability. Hence, there is a need for in-depth analysis of the creativity presented by the existing designs of unused spaces, followed by evaluation research of the creativity associated with the designs to transform those spaces. In this study, a hybrid multi-attribute decision-making model is first used for evaluation research of a sustainable creative community. Next, grounded theory and multi-attribute decision-making method, which are from the fields of sociology and operational research respectively, are integrated to construct an evaluation model that takes into account both quality and quantity. Finally, the proposed evaluation model is used to assess the creativity of designs aimed at transforming unused spaces in creative communities. The results show that (i) when evaluating the sustainability of a creative community, the facet with the highest impact weight is economic sustainability, while that with the greatest dominance is social sustainability. For evaluation analysis of empirical cases and their performance, the impact relationship network diagram and impact weights obtained during the evaluation research can be combined to formulate improvement strategies that are sustained and systematic. These will prevent bias in decision-making during the resource allocation process, as well as the introduction of measures that lack practical utility. (ii) The proposed evaluation model fully utilizes the superiority of two analytical techniques, namely, grounded theory and multi-attribute decision-making. Each technique addresses separate issues corresponding to different stages of the evaluation research, such that the strength of one technique complements the weakness of the other, and (iii) evaluation can be based on three main criteria when one examines the creativity of designs for transforming unused spaces, namely, functionality, artistry, and sociality. During evaluation research, the facet of functionality has the highest impact weight, while that of sociality has the most dominant impact. For empirical cases, the performance evaluation results can be used to identify the actual problems being faced. At the same time, the results that combine grounded theory and multi-attribute decision-making can be used to approach the root cause behind the problems in order to formulate sustained and systematic improvement strategies. |
