| Abstract: | 臺灣社會也在高齡化及少子化的雙重「不可逆」衝擊下，已在2018年3月，從「高齡化」社會，正式進入「高齡」社會，將一路加速度，在2026年進入「超高齡」社會，面對此銀色風險與機會，長照重大議題的實務研究與創新措施，有其迫切性，其對社會安定、經濟發展及整體國力的影響鉅大，本人實際參與社區法治教育，接觸長照法律風險議題，引發進一步研究的動機與興趣。
長照2.0上路以來，各項法令建構及配套措施，民眾是否有感？個人及家庭、民間機構及政府機關如何在法源、財源、人源上有效因應？本論文試圖解答之問題：(一)長照法律風險管理政府「他律」模式為何？他山之石可供借鏡之處？(二)法律風險管理民間「自律」模式為何？(三)如何建構法律風險管理「他律」與「自律」公私協力「動態平衡」整合創新模式，以預防風險並趨吉(興利)避凶(防弊)？
受限於時間及個人學力，本論文主要針對長照2.0法令建構及配套措施，以法律風險管理預防與問題解決創新策略為導向，透過系統、整合、實證之研究，兼顧量化及質性分析詮釋，以文獻回顧批判分析法為主，輔以參與觀察、焦點訪談、實證調查、比較研究法等綜合應用。研究架構除了第壹單元為「緒論」(研究動機、目的、方法、架構)，第伍單元為「結論與建議」(制度面與執行面的具體建議與創新策略)外，第貳單元「他律」模式(以立法、中央與地方行政之政府主導為主，司法為最後防線，三大法律責任、事後救濟、經驗面向、他山之石)、第叁單元「自律」模式(市場機制契約自由、專業倫理規範、風險管理SOP事前預防、事中控制等)、第肆單元「他律與自律動態平衡模式之建構」(運用「太極陰陽動態平衡」模型、特約公私協力、教考訓用整合創新等)為主要論述核心，希望能有助於預防法律風險，趨吉避凶，既能防弊，又能興利，掌握銀髮商機，順利發展「內需型」之高齡經濟，落實憲法保障民生福利國及國際人權公約健康權之精神，達成長照法首條之立法目的，政府、長照提供者、長照接受者三贏，使臺灣成為幼有所長、壯有所用、老有所終良性循環的好所在！
In 2018 The whole society in Taiwan is officially become an “aged society”. By the factors of elderly citizens and low birth rate. The percentage will increase and become an “aged society” between 2025 to 2026. To face the risk and seize the opportunity of the population of old citizens. The issues of long term care, pragmatic research, the actions of innovation. The urgency of the development in the country, the stabilization of society, economic development are the major influences. Personally, I have participated in the education of law rule. Involved in long term care service act system, to penetrate deeply of research and the motivation and interest.
The Long Term Care Services Act 2.0 has been acting in the society for 1.5 years. Does the populace know about the constructions of the decree and coherently of the steps?(1)What is the method of “Analysis of heteronomous” in Long term care system?(2)What is the way to manage the non-governmental of “Analysis of autonomous”?(3)How to manage the “Analysis of heteronomous” and “Analysis of autonomous” of Long Term Care Services Act and joint public private operation with “Dynamic equilibrium of heteronomous” of preventing the risk and avoiding troubles?
This thesis is focusing on the constructions of long term care system2.0 and related measure. To be oriented towards the prevention of the risk and solution of law, take action into this system. To quantified and characteristic simultaneously, to analyze critically from the document. Secondly, using (Participant Observation, Focusing Group Interviewing, Desk Research Survey, Comparative Research.).The core exposition of this thesis included:Chapter 1: Introduction (Research Motivation, Purpose, Method, Construction)；Chapter2: “Analysis of heteronomous” (Government-led restricting, mainly of legislation, central local, administration, judicial for last bounds.)；Chapter3: “Analysis of autonomous” (Market Mechanism, Freedom of contract, Ethical norms, SOP management)；Chapter 4: “Dynamic equilibrium of heteronomous and autonomous” (Special appointment, (Review) Evaluation mechanism, talent development through cooperation of industry)；Chapter 5: Conclusion (Appendixes& Study questionnaires).
In order to provide a better coverage to those in need and support the quality of service, towards to ultimate goal of a complete chain of care. The constructions adopted open circumstances, using “System Theory” integrate mode, To operate “Dynamic Equilibrium of Thai Chi and manage the risk of long term care services Act and combine the “ Analysis of heteronomous and Analysis of Autonomous. The article introduce the pros and cons and efficiently develop into a “Domestic Demand” of Gerontonomic support. The final goals and ensure the constitutions involves the welfare of the masses and get the spirit of International Human Rights Law and the Right to Mental Health. |
