| Abstract: | 市面上的家用縫紉機產品選擇眾多，有物美價廉、功能單純、但該有都有的機械式縫紉機，也有功能豐富但價格較高的電子電腦式縫紉機，市場競爭激烈，消費者又有各自的金額預算，當消費者已鎖定好決定購買的位階時，大家功能都大同小異，產品的造形就顯得十分重要了，畢竟差不多的價錢、差不多的功能，自然會想選擇符合自己喜好的回家。在比對以前的金屬縫紉機與現在市面上的縫紉機會發現家用縫紉機的造形有著顯著的不同，了解家用縫紉機的造形演變，能使我們更清楚的知道家用縫紉機造形在改變上的重點為何？哪些造形的轉變是配合新功能的出現，哪些則是為了提高質感吸引消費者，進而有了整理研究家用縫紉機造形發展的念頭。
本研究採用文獻探討法與個案研究法為基礎進行家用縫紉機的造形演變分析研究，透過網路蒐集了勝家縫紉機自1851年起至2016為止出產的家用縫紉機圖片，並汰選掉無法使用的樣本後，獲得樣本60台，並將這60台的樣本處裡成正視圖與上視圖，依照編年的方式建立家用縫紉機造形對照表，記錄其年分、樣本原始圖片、材質、操控方式、正視圖與上視圖等。並將家用縫紉機拆為形狀、色彩與其他部件等三部分進行造形演變分析。
形狀部分再細分為機頭、懸臂、支柱與底座，這四部份的形狀演變皆離不開材質與操控模式的影響，1965年塑膠機殼的出現是形狀演變一個分水嶺。在功能越加複雜的狀況下，家用縫紉機的內部構造也越來越複雜，體積也逐漸增加，因此塑膠機殼的體積也直線上升，機頭、懸臂與支柱都比金屬時期來的粗厚，輪廓線條也十分不同。
家用縫紉機的色彩演變也逃不過材質的巨大影響，金屬時期的家用縫紉機整體多為黑色搭配金色的裝飾花紋，根據年代的不同可分為華麗與簡約兩種，這時期的機身上並沒有安裝縫線的引導裝飾圖案。在進入塑膠機殼時期之後，底色大多為白色，搭配的裝飾色彩則變得十分多元，並且出現不同的型號但相同的機殼造形與功能的異色板縫紉機，讓消費者在相同條件之下能有更個人化的選擇。
其他部件部件中分為三項電源線、花樣表與控制器。電源線是進入電動時期後出現的必需物品，在金屬時期馬達直接裝在縫紉機的背面，構造外露位置幾乎都在支柱的右側下方，在進入塑膠機殼後，馬達被包覆進機殼內不再外露，電源線的位置也是在支柱的右側下方，且電源線在不用時能拆下方便收納。花樣表則是塑膠殼時期才出現的。家用縫紉機的控制器可分為五種，分別為手輪、撥鈕、旋鈕、按鈕於螢幕。手輪是最早出現的控制器，但在金屬時期於塑膠殼時期在造形上有著顯著的不同。撥鈕也是在金屬時期中出現的控制器，其造形在配合材質的更改後亦延續到塑膠殼時期，並且至今都還有在使用。旋鈕是在塑膠殼時期才出現的控制器，並且是塑膠機殼的家用縫紉機中最常出現的控制器，在三種不同操控模式的家用縫紉機上都能看見。按鈕也是塑膠殼時期才出現的，除了單純啟動單功能的按鈕外，大多搭配燈號與螢幕出現。螢幕則是電子式與電腦是家用縫紉機才有的配備，多搭配按鈕或旋鈕出現，也有自身具有觸控功能而不必搭配按鈕的案例，螢幕的造形大小演與其顯示的內容有關。
在分析各部件的造形演變後，獲得研究成果如下：1)新材質的出現顯著的影響了家用縫紉機的造形改變，但仍一定程度的受金屬時期樣貌所影響。2)控制器於家用縫紉機的造形上是不可或缺的重要關鍵，透過不同控制器的排列組合，能使縫紉機出現更多家用縫紉機於造形上的可能性與多變性。
There are many choices of domestic sewing machines on the market, inexpensive, simple function, and all kinds of mechanical sewing machines come in a variety of feature. But its only available along with the high-priced electronic computer sewing machines. Intensiveness of sewing machines market competition, consumers have their own budgets to be considered, when the consumer has locked the level that determine their reason to purchase it, the sewing machines in the market seems to be quite similar, the outlook and shape of the product will be determined the course of buying decision made by the consumers, with the similar price range, with almost the same functionality, naturally the consumers would prefer purchasing product that design according to consumer's preferences machine. In comparison with the previous metal sewing machines and the sewing machines on the market today, the shape of the home sewing machine was found to be significantly different, understand the evolution of the home sewing machine, will let us discover the points of changes and modification on the sewing machine had become. What changes in shape are in line with the emergence of new features, which improvement of the texture that will attract consumer's attention. And these had led the idea of sorting out the development of shape development of the domestic sewing machines.
This study uses the literature exploration method and the case study method to conduct research on the shape evolution of domestic sewing machines. Through the Internet collected pictures of home sewing machines produced by Singer sewing machine from 1851 to 2016, after deselecting the unusable samples, gained 60 samples and process it into front view and top view diagram, establish a household sewing machine shape comparison table according to the chronological method, record it according to its year of produce, sample original image, material, control mode, front view and top view diagram etc. The household sewing machine was disassembled into three parts: shape, color and other parts for shape evolution analysis.
The shaped part is subdivided into the nose, the cantilever, the pillar and the base. The shape evolution of these four parts is inseparable from the influence of the material and the control mode. The appearance of the plastic case in 1965 was the shape of a watershed in evolution.
In a situation where the function is more complicated, the internal structure of domestic sewing machines is also becoming more and more complex, it's volume is increasing gradually, therefore the volume of the plastic case also rises linearly. The nose, the cantilever, and the pillar are thicker than the metal era, and the contour lines are also very different. The color evolution of domestic sewing machines can't escape the huge influence of materials, the metal sewing machine in the metal era is mostly black with gold decorative patterns, according to the different ages, it can be divided into gorgeous and simple type. There was no guide decorative pattern for the suture on the fuselage during this era. After entering the plastic case era, the background color is mostly white. The decorative colors of the mix are very diverse, and a different color plate sewing machine with different models having the same shape and function as the casing, with this circumstances allow the consumer to have more personal choices under the conditions.
The other parts are divided into three power cords, the pattern table, and controller. The power cord is a must-have item that appears after entering the electricity era. In the metal era, the motor is mounted directly on the back of the sewing machine. The exposed position of the structure is almost always below the right side of the pillar. After entering the plastic case era, the motor is wrapped in the casing and is no longer exposed. The position of the power cord is also below the right side of the pillar. And the power cord can be removed for convenient storage when not in use. The pattern is only available in the plastic case era. The controllers for domestic sewing machines can be divided into five types. They are hand wheels, dials, knobs, and buttons on the screen. The hand wheel is the earliest controller. However, there was a significant difference in the shape of the plastic case during the metal era. The dial is also a controller that appears in the metal age. Its shape continues to the plastic case era after the change of the matching material. And it is still being used until today. The knob is a controller that appears only in the plastic case era. And it is the most commonly used controller in domestic sewing machines for plastic cases. It can be seen on domestic sewing machines in three different control modes. The button also appeared in the plastic case era. In addition to simply launching a single-function button, most of them come with lights and screens. The screen is electronically and the computer is equipped with the home sewing machine, more with buttons or knobs, there are also cases where you have touch function without having to match buttons. The size of the screen is related to what it displays.
After analyzing the evolution of the various components, the research results obtained are as follows
The appearance of new materials has significantly affected the shape change of domestic sewing machines. However, it is still affected to a certain extent by the appearance of the metal era.
2. The controller is an indispensable key to the formation of a household sewing machine. Through the arrangement of different controllers, it can make the sewing machine more likely and versatile in the shape of the household sewing machine. |
