運動健康促進方案介入對老人之功能性體適能和認知功能的影響

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Title:	運動健康促進方案介入對老人之功能性體適能和認知功能的影響
Authors:	林志遠
Contributors:	健康產業管理學系健康管理組
Keywords:	華人傳統運動、功能性體適能、協調性運動、認知功能、traditional Chinese exercise、functional fitness、coordination exercise、cognitive function
Date:	2018
Issue Date:	2018-07-11
Publisher:	亞洲大學
Abstract:	由於人口結構的改變，高齡者的失能與失智預防問題逐漸被世界所重視，隨著日益增多的實證研究，讓運動對於高齡者的失能與失智預防的角色更形重要，本研究之目的在於試圖設計編排適合國人的高齡者運動課程，並驗證其在功能性體適能及認知功能上的助益。研究一以創編的華人傳統運動課程為實驗組，輔以西方式多元組合運動課程為效標，來驗證華人傳統運動課程對於高齡者功能性體適能的改善效益，研究結果顯示，西方式多元組合運動組對於功能性體適能之各項測驗，在課程介入前後均具顯著成效，而華人傳統運動組介入前後之比較，除了代表上半身柔軟度的背部抓手測驗未達統計的顯著差異外，而其他功能性體適能檢測項目，如：30秒坐站、肱二頭肌彎舉、坐姿前彎、2.44公尺繞錐及6分鐘走等項目，均達顯著差異(p＜.05)。研究二主要在探討本研究所創編的高齡者協調性運動課程對於社區高齡者能否帶來蒙特利爾認知評估量表上各項認知功能增進之效益。結果發現，12週的運動介入後實驗組雖在MoCA認知量表各項得分均有進步，但僅在專注力及定向感二項上達顯著效果 (p＜.05)，而控制組則無顯著差異，但若以二組的前後測差值相比，實驗組在命名、專注力、語言及抽象概念等項目上的改善均可達統計上的顯著。綜合上述二個研究所得到的結論是，一、針對高齡者失能及失智的預防與延緩，東、西方不同形式的「運動」均是不可或缺的角色，經有效編排均可達失能之預防與延緩之效。二、為了增加高齡者運動課程之多樣性，經編排的協調性運動課程可作為失智預防課程之一環。 Due to the structural change in global population, preventing the elderly from disability and dementia has attracted more attention worldwide. As the empirical research increases, the role of exercise to prevent the elderly from disability and dementia is getting more important. The purpose of this research is to design and organize exercise program which are suitable for the elderly and evaluate the benefits of functional fitness and cognitive function. This research conducted two studies. In Study One, the experimental group used the designated Chinese traditional exercise as their exercise program and the other group used the Western-style multi-component exercise program. How the Chinese traditional exercise benefited the elderly’s functional body fitness was verified. Tests of functional fitness were measured before and after the intervention of the exercise program for both groups. This study showed the Western-style multi-component exercise program had significant improvements on all tests of functional fitness after the intervention. The Chinese traditional exercise program had significant improvements (p＜.05) on tests of functional fitness such as Chair stands, biceps curls, sit & reach, back scratch, 8-ft up & go, and 6-min walks after the intervention. However, the Chinese traditional exercise program did not have significant difference on the back scratch test which represented the flexibility of the upper body. In Study Two, we assessed the associations of Coordinated Exercise which was created and designated for the elderly by this study with the improvement of cognitive functions on Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) among the elderly in the community. This study found after the 12-week intervention of coordination Exercises, although the scores of MoCA had progress on all cognitive functional terms in experimental group , but only had significant difference (p＜.05) on terms of Attention and Orientation. In contrast, the control group had no significant difference at all. Comparing the measurements before and after the exercise intervention for both groups, the experimental group had statistic significant difference on terms of Naming, Language and Abstraction. In conclusion, both the Western-style multi-component exercise and Chinese traditional exercise play important roles to prevent and delay the disability and dementia of the elderly. No matter the Western-style exercise or the Chinese traditional exercise are both effective if the exercise program are efficiently designed and organized. To increase the diversity of exercise program for the elderly, designated Coordination Exercises is considered as one of the courses to prevent dementia.
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