| Abstract: | 交通意外事故的發生往往與複雜的人、車、路與環境關係，事故的發生也造成龐大的社會成本支出，因此「行的安全」成為當務之急的重要議題。根據交通部運輸研究所105年公布全台十大易肇事路段，死傷最多的十大路段前6名都在台中市。因此，本研究以台中市十大易肇事交叉路口為探討對象。由於交通意外事故具備地理位置及空間分布屬性，因此利用地理資訊系統建構交通意外事故資料，會使分析結果更加完整。本研究首先運用地理資訊系統建立台中市交通意外事故資料庫，其次，訪談台中市交通警察大隊資深主管，以他們專業及經驗所得的觀點，針對台中市十大易肇事路段的情境因素及事故防範策略為訪談重點並藉以建構台中市交通事故知識地圖。透過對個別路口配對肇事地點與原因進行個案探討，以利交通管理單位將交通勤務做最佳的安排與訂定防範策略。研究結果顯示，台中市100年至104年主要肇事的區域集中台中市區。台中市100年至104年前十大易肇事路口為第一名為南屯區五權西路與環中路口、；第二名為西屯區西屯路與環中路口、；第三名為西屯區台灣大道與文心路口，；第四名為南區國光路與復興路口、；第五名為西屯區中清路與環中路口、；第六名為西屯區台灣大道與安和路口、；第七名為台灣大道與河南路口、；第八名為南屯區五權西路與向上路口、；第九名為南屯區向上路與環中路口、；第十名為西屯區台灣大道與惠中路口，主要的肇事原因多為違規超車、爭道行駛、變換車道或方向不當、酒駕與未保持安全距離。再者，根據台中市交通意外事故防範策略根據訪談分析顯示，交通意外事故大多有超速、爭道行駛、隨意變換車道、未遵守標誌與標線、酒駕。因此，台中市交通意外事故的肇事原因多屬個人因素居多，尤其是在交叉路口、交叉路口附近、迴轉道快車道、路權越界等地方易發生交通意外事故。倘若警政單位能有效運用地理資訊系統，分析路口主要肇事原因，持續取締與臨檢並落實交通安全教育，養成市民遵守交通安全的習慣，將有效遏止台中市交通意外事故降低。
Traffic accidents are frequently caused by complicated connection mong people, vehicles, roads and the environment, and surely those accidentsincrease great expenditure on social cost; therefore, the “traveling security” becomes the most important issue that is obviously taking the place on the top priority of the traffic aspect. According to the research made by Institute of ransportation, MOTC in 2016, Taiwan’s six out of ten accident-prone road segments were in Taichung. Because the geographic location and spatial distribution have been the attributes of traffic accidents, using geographic information system to build traffic accidents data will make the analysis even more complete. First of all, this research has used the geographic information system to build the database of traffic accidents happened in Taichung City, and next, through the interviews with the senior superiors of Taichung City’s Traffic Police Brigade and from their professional and experiential point of view, the discussion about the ten accident-prone road segments for situation factors and accident prevention strategies has been done. Furthermore, the knowledge map of traffic accidents in Taichung City has been built. Through pairing individual intersection with incident location and causesof incidents, the study of individual case has been done. And because of doing so, this study can be used to help the traffic management unit to do the best arrangement for traffic service and establishing the best prevention strategy. The result of the study indicates that the main area where the traffic accidents happened most frequently is the downtown area in Taichung City between 2011 and 2015. And according to the statics, the first accident-prone road segment in Taichung City between 2011 and 2015 was the intersection of Wu-quan-west Road and Huan-zhong Road. The second one was the intersection of Xi-tun Road, Xi-tun District and Huan-zhong Road. The third one was the intersection of Taiwan Boulevard,Xi-tun District and Wen-xin Road. The fourth one was the intersection of Guo-guang Road, South District and Fu-xing Road. The fifth one was the intersection of Zhong-qing Road, Xi-tun District and Huan-zhong Road. The sixth one was the intersection of Taiwan boulevard, Xi-tun District and An-he Road. The seventh one was the intersection of Taiwan Boulevard and He-nan Road. The eighth one was the intersection of Wu-quan-west Road, Nan-tun District and Xiang-shang Road. The ninth one was the intersection of Xiang-shang Road, Nan-tun District and Huan-zhong Road. The tenth one was the intersection of Taiwan Boulevard, Xi-tun District and Hui-zhong Road. The major causes of the traffic accidents happened in Taichung City were mostly because of illegal overtaking, race for the road, lane change, or improper driving directions, drunk driving and not maintaining a safe distance. Furthermore, according to the Traffic Accident PreventionStrategy in Taichung City and the interview based on it, the result of analysis shows that the traffic accidents mostly can be divided into the categories of speeding, race for the road, changing lane at will, not following the traffic sign, traffic lanes and drunk driving. Therefore, the causes of traffic accidents are mainly personal factors, and most of the accidents happened especially at the intersections, places near the intersections, U-turn lanes, fast lanes and cross border areas. If the police and the city government can make a good use of geographic information system to analyze the major causes of accidents, keep banning violation of traffic rules and doing routine spot check , fulfill the education of traffic security for the citizens to help them cultivate the good habit of following traffic rules and regulations, the occurrence probability of traffic accidents will surely be effectively reduced. |
