獨居老年女性憂鬱傾向之研究

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Title:	獨居老年女性憂鬱傾向之研究
Authors:	黃荻
Contributors:	社會工作學系
Keywords:	獨居老人、社會參與、老年女性、憂鬱症、憂鬱傾向、alone living elderly people、social participation、elderly women、depression、depression tendency
Date:	2018
Issue Date:	2018-06-14 06:57:26 (UTC+0)
Publisher:	亞洲大學
Abstract:	全世界人口老化的情形嚴重，將造成國家經濟以及社會有不同的衝擊，使各個面臨人口老化嚴重的國家，不得不重視這樣的情況，擬定相關因應政策以轉化或者減緩人口老化所帶來的問題。我國人口老化的程度已快追趕過一些先進國家，據內政部（2013）老人生活狀況調查資料顯示，目前我國65歲獨居老人正逐年攀升，2013年調查獨居人口較2009年統計的9.2%上升至11.1%。國人生活型態已愈來愈向西方個人主義靠近，以致老人們生活愈來愈自立。但獨居又逢老年時期易有憂鬱症狀的發生，尤其女性的老年人其憂鬱症狀又較男性來得高，更值得我們去注意。所以本研究藉由分析和比較原內政部98年老人狀況調查資料和衛生福利部102年老人狀況調查資料，探討從98年與102年的獨居老年女性之基本特質及社會參與和憂鬱傾向之情形，以逐步迴歸分析將憂鬱傾向及各變項作迴歸分析，以瞭解各變項與各構面間影響程度及預測解釋能力。了解這兩個年度的65歲以上獨居老年女性受訪者，在基本相關特質、社會參與和憂鬱傾向的關係程度，藉由此一探討，了解獨居老年女性憂鬱傾向的因素及趨勢，進而提供未來政府和民間單位在社會福利政策上相關建議。研究結果發現：獨居老年女性因年齡、慢性病或者生活能力障礙皆會影響其憂鬱傾向。年齡高、患有慢性病與生活能力有障礙者皆會使得獨居老年女性憂鬱傾向增高。而教育程度、婚姻型態、自覺健康、宗教信仰、經濟環境與生活滿意度同樣也會影響獨居老年女性的憂鬱傾向。建議政府對獨居老年女性提供差別式的福利服務，非以齊頭式平等供給，而是提供具有貧富差距的服務，也降低政府財政困難。 The serious aging of the world's population will cause different impacts on the national economy and society. Countries facing serious population aging will have to pay attention to such situations and formulate relevant response policies to aging problems. According to data on the living conditions of the elderly in the Ministry of the Interior ROC (2013) 11.1% of elderly above 65-year-old in our country are living alone. The lifestyle of the Taiwanese people has been increasingly approaching the individualism of the West so that the elderly live more and more independently. But living alone causes easily depression in the old age symptoms, especially for older women. Their depressive symptoms are higher than men. This phenomena earns our attention. Therefore, this study explores the basic traits and social involvement and melancholy tendency of elderly women living alone from 2009 and 2013 by analyzing and comparing data from 2009. Ministry of the Interior Survey on the Elderly 2009, while the 2013 Senior Citizen Survey is conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare Situation, with stepwise regression analysis, the regression analysis of melancholy tendency and each variable will be conducted to find out the influence extent of each variable and each dimension and the ability of prediction and explanation. To understand the relationship between the elderly-aged single-aged women over the age of 65 in these two years, and to explore the relationship between the basic related traits, social participation and melancholy tendencies. We provide government and private sector social recommendations about welfare policy in the future. The study found out that: Among the elderly women living alone, the age, chronic illness or disability will affect their lifestyle and cause depression. Older persons with chronic diseases and those who’s daily life is impaired, tend to have a higher melancholy tendency among elderly people living alone. However, education level, marital status, conscious health, religious beliefs, economic environment and life satisfaction also affect the melancholy tendency of single elderly women. It is suggested that the government should provide differentiated welfare services to elderly single women living alone. Instead of providing them with equal supplies, they could provide different services for the rich and poor, so that financial difficulties of the government will be reduced.
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