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| Title: | Dunaliella salina alga extract inhibits the production of interleukin-6, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species by regulating nuclear factor-kB/Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription in virus-infected RAW264.7 cells |
| Authors: | 林惠雯;Lin, Hui-Wen;Li, Cheng-Wei;Liu, Cheng-Wei;Yan, Deng-Jye;Yang, Deng-Jye;Chung, Ching-;Chen, Ching- Chung;Che, Shih-Yin;Chen, Shih-Yin;曾榮凱;Tseng, Jung-Kai;Cha, Tien-Jye;Chang, Tien-Jye;Cha, Yuan-Yen;Chang, Yuan-Yen |
| Contributors: | 視光學系 |
| Date: | 2017-10 |
| Issue Date: | 2018-04-03 01:44:23 (UTC+0) |
| Abstract: | Recent investigations have demonstrated that carotenoid extract of Dunaliella salina alga (Alga) contains abundant β-carotene and has good anti-inflammatory activities. Murine macrophage (RAW264.7 cells) was used to establish as an in vitro model of pseudorabies virus-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) response. In this study, antioxidant activities of Alga were measured based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assays, reducing power, and virus-induced ROS formation in RAW264.7 cells. Anti-inflammatory activities of Alga were assessed by its ability to inhibit the production of interleukin-6 and nitric oxide (NO) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, then the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway was investigated by measuring the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor-κB (p50 and p65), JAK, STAT-1/3, and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) by Western blotting. In addition, Alga inhibited virus replication by plaque assay. Our results showed that the Alga had high antioxidant activity, significantly reduced the virus-induced accumulation of ROS, and inhibited the levels of nitric oxide and interleukin-6. Further studies revealed that Alga also downregulated the gene and protein expressions of iNOS, COX-2, nuclear factor-κB (p50 and p65), and the JAK/STAT pathway. The inhibitory effects of Alga were similar to pretreatment with specific inhibitors of JAK and STAT-3 in pseudorabies virus -infected RAW264.7 cells. Alga enhanced the expression of SOCS3 to suppress the activity of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in pseudorabies virus-infected RAW264.7 cells. In addition, Alga has decreased viral replication (p < 0.005) at an early stage. Therefore, our results demonstrate that Alga inhibits ROS, interleukin6, and nitric oxide production via suppression of the JAK/STAT pathways and enhanced the expression of SOCS3 in virus-infected RAW264.7 cells.
KEYWORDS:
Dunaliella salina; anti-inflammatory; pseudorabies virus; reactive oxygen species |
| Relation: | JOURNAL OF FOOD AND DRUG ANALYSIS |
| Appears in Collections: | [視光學系] 期刊論文
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